Signed-off-by: Aleksandr Bezzubikov zuban32s@gmail.com --- docs/pcie.txt | 46 ++++++++++-------- docs/pcie_pci_bridge.txt | 121 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 147 insertions(+), 20 deletions(-) create mode 100644 docs/pcie_pci_bridge.txt
diff --git a/docs/pcie.txt b/docs/pcie.txt index 5bada24..338b50e 100644 --- a/docs/pcie.txt +++ b/docs/pcie.txt @@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ Place only the following kinds of devices directly on the Root Complex: (2) PCI Express Root Ports (ioh3420), for starting exclusively PCI Express hierarchies.
- (3) DMI-PCI Bridges (i82801b11-bridge), for starting legacy PCI + (3) PCIE-PCI Bridge (pcie-pci-bridge), for starting legacy PCI hierarchies.
(4) Extra Root Complexes (pxb-pcie), if multiple PCI Express Root Buses @@ -55,18 +55,18 @@ Place only the following kinds of devices directly on the Root Complex: pcie.0 bus ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | - ----------- ------------------ ------------------ -------------- - | PCI Dev | | PCIe Root Port | | DMI-PCI Bridge | | pxb-pcie | - ----------- ------------------ ------------------ -------------- + ----------- ------------------ ------------------- -------------- + | PCI Dev | | PCIe Root Port | | PCIE-PCI Bridge | | pxb-pcie | + ----------- ------------------ ------------------- --------------
2.1.1 To plug a device into pcie.0 as a Root Complex Integrated Endpoint use: -device <dev>[,bus=pcie.0] 2.1.2 To expose a new PCI Express Root Bus use: -device pxb-pcie,id=pcie.1,bus_nr=x[,numa_node=y][,addr=z] - Only PCI Express Root Ports and DMI-PCI bridges can be connected + Only PCI Express Root Ports, PCIE-PCI bridges and DMI-PCI bridges can be connected to the pcie.1 bus: -device ioh3420,id=root_port1[,bus=pcie.1][,chassis=x][,slot=y][,addr=z] \ - -device i82801b11-bridge,id=dmi_pci_bridge1,bus=pcie.1 + -device pcie-pci-bridge,id=pcie_pci_bridge1,bus=pcie.1
2.2 PCI Express only hierarchy @@ -130,21 +130,25 @@ Notes: Legacy PCI devices can be plugged into pcie.0 as Integrated Endpoints, but, as mentioned in section 5, doing so means the legacy PCI device in question will be incapable of hot-unplugging. -Besides that use DMI-PCI Bridges (i82801b11-bridge) in combination +Besides that use PCIE-PCI Bridges (pcie-pci-bridge) in combination with PCI-PCI Bridges (pci-bridge) to start PCI hierarchies. +Instead of the PCIE-PCI Bridge DMI-PCI one can be used, +but it doens't support hot-plug, is not crossplatform and since that +is obsolete and deprecated. Use the PCIE-PCI Bridge if you're not +absolutely sure you need the DMI-PCI Bridge.
-Prefer flat hierarchies. For most scenarios a single DMI-PCI Bridge +Prefer flat hierarchies. For most scenarios a single PCIE-PCI Bridge (having 32 slots) and several PCI-PCI Bridges attached to it (each supporting also 32 slots) will support hundreds of legacy devices. -The recommendation is to populate one PCI-PCI Bridge under the DMI-PCI Bridge +The recommendation is to populate one PCI-PCI Bridge under the PCIE-PCI Bridge until is full and then plug a new PCI-PCI Bridge...
pcie.0 bus ---------------------------------------------- | | - ----------- ------------------ - | PCI Dev | | DMI-PCI BRIDGE | - ---------- ------------------ + ----------- ------------------- + | PCI Dev | | PCIE-PCI BRIDGE | + ---------- ------------------- | | ------------------ ------------------ | PCI-PCI Bridge | | PCI-PCI Bridge | ... @@ -157,11 +161,11 @@ until is full and then plug a new PCI-PCI Bridge... 2.3.1 To plug a PCI device into pcie.0 as an Integrated Endpoint use: -device <dev>[,bus=pcie.0] 2.3.2 Plugging a PCI device into a PCI-PCI Bridge: - -device i82801b11-bridge,id=dmi_pci_bridge1[,bus=pcie.0] \ - -device pci-bridge,id=pci_bridge1,bus=dmi_pci_bridge1[,chassis_nr=x][,addr=y] \ + -device pcie-pci-bridge,id=pcie_pci_bridge1[,bus=pcie.0] \ + -device pci-bridge,id=pci_bridge1,bus=pcie_pci_bridge1[,chassis_nr=x][,addr=y] \ -device <dev>,bus=pci_bridge1[,addr=x] Note that 'addr' cannot be 0 unless shpc=off parameter is passed to - the PCI Bridge. + the PCI Bridge, and can never be 0 when plugging into the PCIE-PCI Bridge.
3. IO space issues =================== @@ -219,25 +223,27 @@ do not support hot-plug, so any devices plugged into Root Complexes cannot be hot-plugged/hot-unplugged: (1) PCI Express Integrated Endpoints (2) PCI Express Root Ports - (3) DMI-PCI Bridges + (3) PCIE-PCI Bridges (4) pxb-pcie
Be aware that PCI Express Downstream Ports can't be hot-plugged into an existing PCI Express Upstream Port.
-PCI devices can be hot-plugged into PCI-PCI Bridges. The PCI hot-plug is ACPI -based and can work side by side with the PCI Express native hot-plug. +PCI devices can be hot-plugged into PCIE-PCI and PCI-PCI Bridges. +The PCI hot-plug into PCI-PCI bridge is ACPI based, whereas hot-plug into +PCIE-PCI bridges is SHPC-base. They both can work side by side with the PCI Express native hot-plug.
PCI Express devices can be natively hot-plugged/hot-unplugged into/from -PCI Express Root Ports (and PCI Express Downstream Ports). +PCI Express Root Ports (and PCI Express Downstream Ports) and PCIExpress-to-PCI Bridges.
5.1 Planning for hot-plug: (1) PCI hierarchy Leave enough PCI-PCI Bridge slots empty or add one - or more empty PCI-PCI Bridges to the DMI-PCI Bridge. + or more empty PCI-PCI Bridges to the PCIE-PCI Bridge.
For each such PCI-PCI Bridge the Guest Firmware is expected to reserve 4K IO space and 2M MMIO range to be used for all devices behind it. + Appropriate PCI capability is designed, see pcie_pci_bridge.txt.
Because of the hard IO limit of around 10 PCI Bridges (~ 40K space) per system don't use more than 9 PCI-PCI Bridges, leaving 4K for the diff --git a/docs/pcie_pci_bridge.txt b/docs/pcie_pci_bridge.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ad392ad --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/pcie_pci_bridge.txt @@ -0,0 +1,121 @@ +Generic PCIExpress-to-PCI Bridge +================================ + +Description +=========== +PCIE-to-PCI bridge is a new method for legacy PCI +hierarchies creation on Q35 machines. + +Previously Intel DMI-to-PCI bridge was used for this purpose. +But due to its strict limitations - no support of hot-plug, +no cross-platform and cross-architecture support - a new generic +PCIE-to-PCI bridge should now be used for any legacy PCI device usage +with PCI Express machine. + +This generic PCIE-PCI bridge is a cross-platform device, +can be hot-plugged into appropriate root port (requires additional actions, +see 'PCIE-PCI bridge hot-plug' section), +and supports devices hot-plug into the bridge itself +(with some limitations, see below). + +Hot-plug of legacy PCI devices into the bridge +is provided by bridge's built-in Standard hot-plug Controller. +Though it still has some limitations, see 'Limitations' below. + +PCIE-PCI bridge hot-plug +======================= +As opposed to Windows, Linux guest requires extra efforts to +enable PCIE-PCI bridge hot-plug. +Motivation - now on init any PCI Express root port which doesn't have +any device plugged in, has no free buses reserved to provide any of them +to a hot-plugged devices in future. + +To solve this problem we reserve additional buses on a firmware level. +Currently only SeaBIOS is supported. +The way of bus number to reserve delivery is special +Red Hat vendor-specific PCI capability, added to the root port +that is planned to have PCIE-PCI bridge hot-plugged in. + +Capability layout (defined in include/hw/pci/pci_bridge.h): + + uint8_t id; Standard PCI capability header field + uint8_t next; Standard PCI capability header field + uint8_t len; Standard PCI vendor-specific capability header field + + uint8_t type; Red Hat vendor-specific capability type + List of currently existing types: + QEMU = 1 + + uint16_t non_pref_16; Non-prefetchable memory limit + + uint8_t bus_res; Minimum number of buses to reserve + + uint8_t io_8; IO space limit in case of 8-bit value + uint32_t io_32; IO space limit in case of 32-bit value + This two values are mutually exclusive, + i.e. they can't both be >0. + + uint32_t pref_32; Prefetchable memory limit in case of 32-bit value + uint64_t pref_64; Prefetchable memory limit in case of 64-bit value + This two values are mutually exclusive (just as IO limit), + i.e. they can't both be >0. + +Memory limits are unused now, in future they are planned +to be used for providing similar hints to the firmware. + +At the moment this capability is used only in +QEMU generic PCIE root port (-device pcie-root-port). +Capability construction function takes bus range value +from root ports' common property 'bus_reserve'. +By default it is set to 0 to leave root port's default +behavior unchanged. + +Usage +===== +A detailed command line would be: + +[qemu-bin + storage options] +-m 2G +-device ioh3420,bus=pcie.0,id=rp1 +-device ioh3420,bus=pcie.0,id=rp2 +-device pcie-root-port,bus=pcie.0,id=rp3,bus-reserve=1 +-device pcie-pci-bridge,id=br1,bus=rp1 +-device pcie-pci-bridge,id=br2,bus=rp2 +-device e1000,bus=br1,addr=8 + +Then in monitor it's OK to do: +device_add pcie-pci-bridge,id=br3,bus=rp3 +device_add e1000,bus=br2,addr=1 +device_add e1000,bus=br3,addr=1 + +Here you have: + (1) Cold-plugged: + - Root ports: 1 QEMU generic root port with the capability mentioned above, + 2 ioh3420 root ports; + - 2 PCIE-PCI bridges plugged into 2 different root ports; + - e1000 plugged into the first bridge. + (2) Hot-plugged: + - PCIE-PCI bridge, plugged into QEMU generic root port; + - 2 e1000 cards, one plugged into the cold-plugged PCIE-PCI bridge, + another plugged into the hot-plugged bridge. + +Limitations +=========== +The PCIE-PCI bridge can be hot-plugged only into pcie-root-port that +has proper 'bus_reserve' property value to provide secondary bus for the hot-plugged bridge. + +Windows 7 and older versions don't support hot-plug devices into the PCIE-PCI bridge. +To enable device hot-plug into the bridge on Linux there're 3 ways: +1) Build shpchp module with this patch http://www.spinics.net/lists/linux-pci/msg63052.html +2) Wait until the kernel patch mentioned above get merged into upstream - + it's expected to happen in 4.14. +3) set 'msi_enable' property to false - this forced the bridge to use legacy INTx, + which allows the bridge to notify the OS about hot-plug event without having + BUSMASTER set. + +Implementation +============== +The PCIE-PCI bridge is based on PCI-PCI bridge, +but also accumulates PCI Express features +as a PCI Express device (is_express=1). +