I'm happy to report that flashrom had no problems with my Intel C236 chipset, on my SuperMicro X11SSH-TF. I apologise for forgetting to use the -V verbose flag, thank you Flashrom team!
I flashed from Coreboot 4.20.1 back to factory. You will need an external programmer to bypass the factory lock.
root@holodeck:~# flashrom --programmer internal --write X11SSHTF-v3.bin flashrom unknown on Linux 6.8.8-2-pve (x86_64) flashrom is free software, get the source code at https://flashrom.org
Using clock_gettime for delay loops (clk_id: 1, resolution: 1ns). coreboot table found at 0x7f2cc000. Found chipset "Intel C236". This chipset is marked as untested. If you are using an up-to-date version of flashrom *and* were (not) able to successfully update your firmware with it, then please email a report to flashrom@flashrom.org including a verbose (-V) log. Thank you! Enabling flash write... Warning: Setting BIOS Control at 0xdc from 0x8b to 0x89 failed. New value is 0x8b. SPI Configuration is locked down. FREG0: Flash Descriptor region (0x00000000-0x00000fff) is read-write. FREG1: BIOS region (0x00500000-0x00ffffff) is read-write. FREG2: Management Engine region (0x00001000-0x004fffff) is read-write. OK. Found Programmer flash chip "Opaque flash chip" (16384 kB, Programmer-specific) on internal. Reading old flash chip contents... done. Erasing and writing flash chip... Erase/write done. Verifying flash... VERIFIED.