I have an ASRock Z390M-ITX/ac motherboard with a soldered/non-removable
BIOS chip (this is apparently not uncommon on ASRock motherboards). I
initially tried using test clips, but I wasn't able to get a good
connection. Fortunately, the motherboard features a BIOS_PH header that is
wired to the BIOS chip. Despite existing on multiple motherboards, its
pinout is seemingly only documented in the J3355M manual (
http://asrock.pc.cdn.bitgravity.com/Manual/J3355M.pdf). Using this pinout,
I was able to connect some jumpers from the BIOS_PH header to a CH341A
programmer and successfully read from and write to the chip (a W25Q128JVSIQ
in my case).
For reference, the BIOS_PH pinout (corresponding to a 25xx chip) is:
DI | GND
CLK | no connection
no pin | DO
VCC | CS
HOLD | WP