flashrom

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[RFC] Flashrom Development Guidelines - Patch submission
by Anastasia Klimchuk 07 Mar '22

07 Mar '22

Hello Flashrom community, Recently, we (Anastasia and Felix, your Org Admins) were looking into the Flashrom Dev Guidelines page https://www.flashrom.org/Development_Guidelines#Patch_submission with the main goal to prepare the page for GSoC. Very soon (7th March) the results are announced, and in case Flashrom is accepted, we will suddenly have lots of people (potential contributors) looking into our Dev Guidelines! :) We have a suggestion on how to improve the guidelines. Specifically, this is about the “Patch Submission” section (not the whole guidelines). There are few most important points to address: 1. Update the links, so that they don’t point to instructions from the old coreboot wiki (which explains how to clone coreboot repo). 2. State very clearly that we have a strong preference for Gerrit code reviews (not mailing list reviews). 3. Explain that we don’t look at pull requests on GitHub. The updated version of the “Patch Submission” section that we are suggesting is below. Comments/feedback is welcome, the wording can be changed/improved, as long as the three main points are addressed. Unchanged sections are marked as such. Thank you so much! ----------------------------------------------------------------- *Patch Submission* Coding style (unchanged) Flashrom generally follows Linux kernel style <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/tree/Doc…> . The notable exception is the line length limit. Our guidelines are: - 80-columns soft limit for most code and comments. This is to encourage simple design and concise naming. - 112-columns hard limit. Use this to reduce line breaks in cases where they harm grep-ability or overall readability, such as print statements and function signatures. Don't abuse this for long variable/function names or deep nesting. - Tables are the only exception to the hard limit and may be as long as needed for practical purposes. GitHub The official Flashrom mirror on GitHub is: https://github.com/flashrom/flashrom Importantly, GitHub repo is only a mirror, so all changes must go through Gerrit on review.coreboot.org in order to be merged, even small patches such as adding support for a flash chip. For this reason, reviewers do not look at pull requests. Even if pull requests were automatically transferred to Gerrit, requirements such as the #Sign-off Procedure <https://www.flashrom.org/Development_Guidelines#Sign-off_Procedure> still present a problem. The quickest and best way to get your patch reviewed and merged is by sending it to review.coreboot.org. Conveniently, you can use your GitHub, GitLab or Google account as an OAuth2 login method. Please continue reading, the instructions are below. Preparing a patch Before sending a patch for review, put your Signed-off-by line <https://www.flashrom.org/Development_Guidelines#Sign-off_Procedure> in the commit message. Currently there are two ways to send patches for review: 1. Our strong preference, especially for large patches, is via Gerrit on review.coreboot.org <https://review.coreboot.org/#/q/project:flashrom>, i.e. git push origin HEAD:refs/for/master 2. For small patches, with the reviewer’s agreement, there is an option to send via our mailing list <https://www.flashrom.org/Contact#Mailing_List>. When sending a patch via the mailing list, send it in-line instead of as an attachment so that reviewers can easily comment on specific parts of it. However, eventually the reviewer will need to push patch to gerrit anyway. Our guidelines borrow heavily from the coreboot development guidelines <https://doc.coreboot.org/contributing/index.html>, and most of them apply to flashrom as well. The really important part is about the #Sign-off Procedure <https://www.flashrom.org/Development_Guidelines#Sign-off_Procedure>. We try to reuse as much code as possible and create new files only if absolutely needed, so if you find a function somewhere in the tree which already does what you want (even if it is for a totally different chip), please use it. See also Command set secrets <https://www.flashrom.org/Random_notes#Command_set_secrets>. The patch reviews may sound harsh, but please don't get discouraged. We try to merge simple patches after one or two iterations and complicated ones as soon as possible, but we have quite high standards regarding code quality. If you introduce new features (not flash chips, but stuff like partial programming, support for new external programmers, voltage handling, etc) please discuss your plans on the mailing list <https://www.flashrom.org/Contact#Mailing_List> first. That way, we can avoid duplicated work and know about how flashrom internals need to be adjusted and you avoid frustration if there is some disagreement about the design. For patches that modify convoluted tables like struct flashchip flashchips[] in flashchips.c it may make sense to increase the lines of context to include enough information directly in the patch for reviewers (for example to include the chip names when changing other parameters like .voltage). To do this with git use git format-patch -U5 where 5 is an example for the number of lines of context you want. Commit message (unchanged) Commit messages shall have the following format: <component>: Short description (up to 72 characters) This is a long description. Max width of each line in the description is 72 characters. It is separated from the summary by a blank line. You may skip the long description if the short description is sufficient, for example "flashchips: Add FOO25Q128" to add FOO25Q128 chip support. You may have multiple paragraphs in the long description, but please do not write a novel here. For non-trivial changes you must explain what your patch does, why, and how it was tested. TEST=tests that you performed Finally, follow the #Sign-off Procedure <https://www.flashrom.org/Development_Guidelines#Sign-off_Procedure> to add your sign-off! Signed-off-by: Your Name <your@domain> Sign-off Procedure (unchanged) We employ a similar sign-off procedure as the Linux kernel developers <http://web.archive.org/web/20070306195036/http://osdlab.org/newsroom/press_…> do. Add a note such as Signed-off-by: Random J Developer <random(a)developer.example.org> to your email/patch if you agree with the Developer's Certificate of Origin 1.1 printed below. Read this post on the LKML <https://lkml.org/lkml/2004/5/23/10> for rationale (spoiler: SCO). You must use your real name in the Signed-off-by line and in any copyright notices you add. Patches without an associated real name lack provenance and cannot be committed! Developer's Certificate of Origin 1.1: By making a contribution to this project, I certify that: (a) The contribution was created in whole or in part by me and I have the right to submit it under the open source license indicated in the file; or (b) The contribution is based upon previous work that, to the best of my knowledge, is covered under an appropriate open source license and I have the right under that license to submit that work with modifications, whether created in whole or in part by me, under the same open source license (unless I am permitted to submit under a different license), as indicated in the file; or (c) The contribution was provided directly to me by some other person who certified (a), (b) or (c) and I have not modified it; and (d) In the case of each of (a), (b), or (c), I understand and agree that this project and the contribution are public and that a record of the contribution (including all personal information I submit with it, including my sign-off) is maintained indefinitely and may be redistributed consistent with this project or the open source license indicated in the file. Note: The Developer's Certificate of Origin 1.1 <http://web.archive.org/web/20070306195036/http://osdlab.org/newsroom/press_…> is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.5 License <http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/>. Submitting a patch using GerritSetting up a Gerrit accountAll changes have to go through Gerrit on review.coreboot.org in order to be merged, even small patches such as adding support for a flash chip. Our Gerrit supports multiple authentication methods <https://review.coreboot.org/login> including OAUTH2, e.g. Google, GitHub or GitLab, or also OpenID. 1. Go to https://review.coreboot.org/login and sign in. 2. Edit your settings by clicking on the gear icon in the upper right corner. 3. Set your Gerrit username. 4. Add an email address so that you receive notifications when others commented or reviewed your patch. 5. Add a SSH public key to your account, or click the button to generate an HTTPS password. Preparing your local repository Open https://review.coreboot.org/admin/repos/flashrom and choose your desired method to clone the repository. Supported methods are HTTPS and SSH. The same method will also be used when you push your changes to Gerrit later. Also, make sure to install the Change-Id hook. This generates a unique ID which is appended to your commit message. It is used by Gerrit to identify if a patch with the same ID exists, and if so it will add a new version to it called “patchset”. If you are just about getting a fresh copy of the flashrom repository, then you can use the command which you can find under “Clone with commit-msg hook”. If you have an existing copy of the repository and you need to install the hook afterwards, then you can run this command within your flashrom directory - mkdir -p .git/hooks && curl -Lo `git rev-parse --git-dir`/hooks/commit-msg https://review.coreboot.org/tools/hooks/commit-msg; chmod +x `git rev-parse --git-dir`/hooks/commit-msg) Pushing your patch to Gerrit 1. Check out a new local branch that tracks origin/master: git checkout -b <branch_name> origin/master 2. Do your changes 3. Add your changes using `git add` and create a commit using `git commit -s` 4. Push to gerrit: git push origin HEAD:refs/for/master. - If using HTTPS you will be prompted for the username and password you set in the Gerrit UI. - If successful, the Gerrit URL for your patch will be shown in the output. -- Anastasia.

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FAILED: Chip is in an uknown state!
by Marcel Grant 04 Mar '22

04 Mar '22

Trying to flash Skulls on this X230, but keep getting this error. What am I doing wrong? Please help. Can I turn of computer now? What else can I try? sudo ./skulls.sh -b x230 1) ./x230_coreboot_seabios_74d2218cc7_top.rom 3) Quit 2) ./x230_coreboot_seabios_free_74d2218cc7_top.rom file not specified. Please select a file to flash. Please read the README for details about the differences: 1 x230_coreboot_seabios_74d2218cc7_top.rom: OK input: x230_coreboot_seabios_74d2218cc7_top.rom output: output/x230_coreboot_seabios_74d2218cc7_top_prepared_12mb.rom Warning: Make sure not to power off your computer or interrupt this process in any way! Interrupting this process may result in irreparable damage to your computer! Flash the BIOS now? y/N: y flashrom v1.2 on Linux 5.13.0-30-generic (x86_64) flashrom is free software, get the source code at https://flashrom.org Using region: "bios". Using clock_gettime for delay loops (clk_id: 1, resolution: 1ns). Found chipset "Intel QM77". Enabling flash write... Warning: BIOS region SMM protection is enabled! Warning: Setting Bios Control at 0xdc from 0x2a to 0x09 failed. New value is 0x2a. SPI Configuration is locked down. FREG0: Flash Descriptor region (0x00000000-0x00000fff) is read-only. FREG2: Management Engine region (0x00003000-0x004fffff) is locked. Not all flash regions are freely accessible by flashrom. This is most likely due to an active ME. Please see https://flashrom.org/ME for details. PR1: Warning: 0x00b40000-0x00bfffff is read-only. PR2: Warning: 0x00b10000-0x00b10fff is read-only. PR3: Warning: 0x00ad0000-0x00adefff is read-only. PR4: Warning: 0x00800000-0x00aaffff is read-only. At least some flash regions are read protected. You have to use a flash layout and include only accessible regions. For write operations, you'll additionally need the --noverify-all switch. See manpage for more details. Enabling hardware sequencing due to multiple flash chips detected. OK. Found Programmer flash chip "Opaque flash chip" (12288 kB, Programmer-specific) mapped at physical address 0x0000000000000000. Reading old flash chip contents... done. Erasing and writing flash chip... Transaction error between offset 0x00800000 and 0x00800fff (= 0x00800000 + 4095)! Reading current flash chip contents... done. Looking for another erase function. Looking for another erase function. Looking for another erase function. Looking for another erase function. Looking for another erase function. Looking for another erase function. Looking for another erase function. No usable erase functions left. FAILED! Uh oh. Erase/write failed. Your flash chip is in an unknown state. Get help on IRC at chat.freenode.net (channel #flashrom) or mail flashrom(a)flashrom.org with the subject "FAILED: <your board name>"! -------------------------------------------------------------------------------DO NOT REBOOT OR POWEROFF!

1 0

Help
by Amber Lukas 26 Feb '22

26 Feb '22

Trying to disable write protect on Acer Chromebook 15 to set seaBIOS to be default BIOS Get Outlook for Android<https://aka.ms/AAb9ysg>

1 0

Unsupported flash chip
by Jordan Thistle 25 Feb '22

25 Feb '22

Hello, I am using flashrom to read and write from a 16MB chip. I have attached the log for the chip as requested. Thanks, Jordan

1 0

Call for Mentors for GSoC 2022
by Anastasia Klimchuk 21 Feb '22

21 Feb '22

Good Day Flashrom People! As you might know already, we are currently preparing an application for GSoC 2022 (also known as Google Summer of Code, FAQ <https://developers.google.com/open-source/gsoc/faq>). We have gathered a list of Project Ideas, and it's time to call for Mentors! If you are interested in being a Mentor, please let us know. If you want to help, but not sure you can be a Mentor yourself, you can be a secondary Mentor. Or you can help by doing code reviews. Have a look into our Projects ideas, are you interested to Mentor one of these projects? https://docs.google.com/document/d/1AxMobB2v8Dv2uUwZPZ_vCmmONYDJuliHcnjfWOs… Or maybe you have another project idea that you want to mentor? Great! GSoC runs by a timeline https://developers.google.com/open-source/gsoc/timeline, check that dates are OK for you. How to let us know if you are interested: Reply All to this email. If you are in doubt, you can contact me (Anastasia/aklm) directly. Some more useful information: Mentor responsibilities (short) https://developers.google.com/open-source/gsoc/help/responsibilities#mentor… Mentor guides (long, lots of details) https://google.github.io/gsocguides/mentor/ If you have any questions, you are welcome to ask! ;) Your GSoC Org Admin, Anastasia.

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Application for GSoC 2022
by Anastasia Klimchuk 17 Feb '22

17 Feb '22

Hello Everyone, I am planning to submit Flashrom’s GSoC application within the next few days. Here are the most important resources that we have prepared for application: Projects Ideas https://docs.google.com/document/d/1AxMobB2v8Dv2uUwZPZ_vCmmONYDJuliHcnjfWOs… Project Proposal Template https://docs.google.com/document/d/1DSg1FykuI7Z3JDY1Qtk8C6JjvpsYISMEwyV4932… Contributors Info and Guidelines https://www.flashrom.org/GSoC All these are resources for potential contributors, so that’s public and links can be shared with anyone interested. Application asks for *links* to resources, so we can modify/improve the content at any point, even after the app is submitted. We do want the resources to look nice when applying, of course :) but we can do modifications even later. Let me know if you have feedback/suggestions, thank you! -- Anastasia.

1 1

Report about RedmiBook 14 II
by Maxim Klimenko Sergievich 16 Feb '22

16 Feb '22

[root@mksredmibook14ii max]# flashrom --programmer internal flashrom v1.2 on Linux 5.16.9-arch1-1 (x86_64) flashrom is free software, get the source code at https://flashrom.org Using clock_gettime for delay loops (clk_id: 1, resolution: 1ns). No DMI table found. Found chipset "AMD FP4". Enabling flash write... Disabling write protection of flash addresses from 0xff73a000 to 0xff78dbff failed. Disabling read write protection of flash addresses from 0xfff30000 to 0xfff7cfff failed. FCH device found but SMBus revision 0x51 does not match known values. Please report this to flashrom(a)flashrom.org and include this log and the output of lspci -nnvx, thanks!. Could not determine chipset generation.PROBLEMS, continuing anyway ======================================================================== You may be running flashrom on an unknown laptop. We could not detect this for sure because your vendor has not set up the SMBIOS tables correctly. Some internal buses have been disabled for safety reasons. You can enforce using all buses by adding -p internal:laptop=this_is_not_a_laptop to the command line, but please read the following warning if you are not sure. Laptops, notebooks and netbooks are difficult to support and we recommend to use the vendor flashing utility. The embedded controller (EC) in these machines often interacts badly with flashing. See the manpage and https://flashrom.org/Laptops for details. If flash is shared with the EC, erase is guaranteed to brick your laptop and write may brick your laptop. Read and probe may irritate your EC and cause fan failure, backlight failure and sudden poweroff. You have been warned. ======================================================================== No EEPROM/flash device found. Note: flashrom can never write if the flash chip isn't found automatically. [root@mksredmibook14ii max]# lspci -nnvx 00:00.0 Host bridge [0600]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Renoir/Cezanne Root Complex [1022:1630] Subsystem: Xiaomi Device [1d72:1951] Flags: fast devsel 00: 22 10 30 16 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 06 00 00 80 00 10: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 20: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 72 1d 51 19 30: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00:00.2 IOMMU [0806]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Renoir/Cezanne IOMMU [1022:1631] Subsystem: Xiaomi Device [1d72:1951] Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ -2147483648 Capabilities: [40] Secure device <?> Capabilities: [64] MSI: Enable- Count=1/4 Maskable- 64bit+ Capabilities: [74] HyperTransport: MSI Mapping Enable+ Fixed+ 00: 22 10 31 16 04 00 10 00 00 00 06 08 00 00 80 00 10: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 20: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 72 1d 51 19 30: 00 00 00 00 40 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ff 01 00 00 00:01.0 Host bridge [0600]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Renoir PCIe Dummy Host Bridge [1022:1632] Flags: fast devsel, IOMMU group 0 00: 22 10 32 16 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 06 00 00 80 00 10: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 20: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 30: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00:02.0 Host bridge [0600]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Renoir PCIe Dummy Host Bridge [1022:1632] Flags: fast devsel, IOMMU group 1 00: 22 10 32 16 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 06 00 00 80 00 10: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 20: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 30: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00:08.0 Host bridge [0600]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Renoir PCIe Dummy Host Bridge [1022:1632] Flags: fast devsel, IOMMU group 2 00: 22 10 32 16 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 06 00 00 80 00 10: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 20: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 30: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00:08.1 PCI bridge [0604]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Renoir Internal PCIe GPP Bridge to Bus [1022:1635] (prog-if 00 [Normal decode]) Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 26, IOMMU group 2 Bus: primary=00, secondary=01, subordinate=01, sec-latency=0 I/O behind bridge: 00001000-00001fff [size=4K] Memory behind bridge: d0100000-d04fffff [size=4M] Prefetchable memory behind bridge: 000000fce0000000-000000fcf01fffff [size=258M] Capabilities: [50] Power Management version 3 Capabilities: [58] Express Root Port (Slot-), MSI 00 Capabilities: [a0] MSI: Enable+ Count=1/1 Maskable- 64bit+ Capabilities: [c0] Subsystem: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Renoir Internal PCIe GPP Bridge to Bus [1022:1635] Capabilities: [100] Vendor Specific Information: ID=0001 Rev=1 Len=010 <?> Capabilities: [270] Secondary PCI Express Capabilities: [400] Data Link Feature <?> Capabilities: [410] Physical Layer 16.0 GT/s <?> Capabilities: [440] Lane Margining at the Receiver <?> Kernel driver in use: pcieport 00: 22 10 35 16 07 04 10 00 00 00 04 06 10 00 81 00 10: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 01 00 11 11 00 00 20: 10 d0 40 d0 01 e0 11 f0 fc 00 00 00 fc 00 00 00 30: 00 00 00 00 50 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ff 01 02 00 00:08.2 PCI bridge [0604]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Renoir Internal PCIe GPP Bridge to Bus [1022:1635] (prog-if 00 [Normal decode]) Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 27, IOMMU group 2 Bus: primary=00, secondary=02, subordinate=02, sec-latency=0 I/O behind bridge: [disabled] Memory behind bridge: d0000000-d00fffff [size=1M] Prefetchable memory behind bridge: [disabled] Capabilities: [50] Power Management version 3 Capabilities: [58] Express Root Port (Slot-), MSI 00 Capabilities: [a0] MSI: Enable+ Count=1/1 Maskable- 64bit+ Capabilities: [c0] Subsystem: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Renoir Internal PCIe GPP Bridge to Bus [1022:1635] Capabilities: [100] Vendor Specific Information: ID=0001 Rev=1 Len=010 <?> Capabilities: [270] Secondary PCI Express Capabilities: [400] Data Link Feature <?> Capabilities: [410] Physical Layer 16.0 GT/s <?> Capabilities: [440] Lane Margining at the Receiver <?> Kernel driver in use: pcieport 00: 22 10 35 16 07 04 10 00 00 00 04 06 10 00 81 00 10: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 02 02 00 f1 01 00 00 20: 00 d0 00 d0 f1 ff 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 30: 00 00 00 00 50 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ff 01 02 00 00:14.0 SMBus [0c05]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] FCH SMBus Controller [1022:790b] (rev 51) Subsystem: Xiaomi Device [1d72:1951] Flags: 66MHz, medium devsel, IOMMU group 3 Kernel driver in use: piix4_smbus Kernel modules: i2c_piix4, sp5100_tco 00: 22 10 0b 79 03 04 20 02 51 00 05 0c 00 00 80 00 10: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 20: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 72 1d 51 19 30: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00:14.3 ISA bridge [0601]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] FCH LPC Bridge [1022:790e] (rev 51) Subsystem: Xiaomi Device [1d72:1951] Flags: bus master, 66MHz, medium devsel, latency 0, IOMMU group 3 00: 22 10 0e 79 0f 00 20 02 51 00 01 06 00 00 80 00 10: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 20: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 72 1d 51 19 30: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00:18.0 Host bridge [0600]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Renoir Device 24: Function 0 [1022:1448] Flags: fast devsel, IOMMU group 4 00: 22 10 48 14 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 06 00 00 80 00 10: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 20: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 30: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00:18.1 Host bridge [0600]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Renoir Device 24: Function 1 [1022:1449] Flags: fast devsel, IOMMU group 4 00: 22 10 49 14 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 06 00 00 80 00 10: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 20: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 30: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00:18.2 Host bridge [0600]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Renoir Device 24: Function 2 [1022:144a] Flags: fast devsel, IOMMU group 4 00: 22 10 4a 14 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 06 00 00 80 00 10: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 20: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 30: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00:18.3 Host bridge [0600]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Renoir Device 24: Function 3 [1022:144b] Flags: fast devsel, IOMMU group 4 Kernel driver in use: k10temp Kernel modules: k10temp 00: 22 10 4b 14 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 06 00 00 80 00 10: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 20: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 30: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00:18.4 Host bridge [0600]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Renoir Device 24: Function 4 [1022:144c] Flags: fast devsel, IOMMU group 4 00: 22 10 4c 14 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 06 00 00 80 00 10: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 20: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 30: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00:18.5 Host bridge [0600]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Renoir Device 24: Function 5 [1022:144d] Flags: fast devsel, IOMMU group 4 00: 22 10 4d 14 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 06 00 00 80 00 10: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 20: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 30: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00:18.6 Host bridge [0600]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Renoir Device 24: Function 6 [1022:144e] Flags: fast devsel, IOMMU group 4 00: 22 10 4e 14 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 06 00 00 80 00 10: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 20: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 30: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00:18.7 Host bridge [0600]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Renoir Device 24: Function 7 [1022:144f] Flags: fast devsel, IOMMU group 4 00: 22 10 4f 14 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 06 00 00 80 00 10: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 20: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 30: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01:00.0 VGA compatible controller [0300]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI] Renoir [1002:1636] (rev c3) (prog-if 00 [VGA controller]) Subsystem: Xiaomi Device [1d72:1951] Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 40, IOMMU group 2 Memory at fce0000000 (64-bit, prefetchable) [size=256M] Memory at fcf0000000 (64-bit, prefetchable) [size=2M] I/O ports at 1000 [size=256] Memory at d0400000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=512K] Capabilities: [48] Vendor Specific Information: Len=08 <?> Capabilities: [50] Power Management version 3 Capabilities: [64] Express Legacy Endpoint, MSI 00 Capabilities: [a0] MSI: Enable- Count=1/4 Maskable- 64bit+ Capabilities: [c0] MSI-X: Enable+ Count=4 Masked- Capabilities: [100] Vendor Specific Information: ID=0001 Rev=1 Len=010 <?> Capabilities: [270] Secondary PCI Express Capabilities: [2b0] Address Translation Service (ATS) Capabilities: [2c0] Page Request Interface (PRI) Capabilities: [2d0] Process Address Space ID (PASID) Capabilities: [400] Data Link Feature <?> Capabilities: [410] Physical Layer 16.0 GT/s <?> Capabilities: [440] Lane Margining at the Receiver <?> Kernel driver in use: amdgpu Kernel modules: amdgpu 00: 02 10 36 16 07 04 10 08 c3 00 00 03 10 00 80 00 10: 0c 00 00 e0 fc 00 00 00 0c 00 00 f0 fc 00 00 00 20: 01 10 00 00 00 00 40 d0 00 00 00 00 72 1d 51 19 30: 00 00 00 00 48 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ff 01 00 00 01:00.1 Audio device [0403]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI] Renoir Radeon High Definition Audio Controller [1002:1637] Subsystem: Xiaomi Device [1d72:1951] Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 65, IOMMU group 2 Memory at d04c8000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16K] Capabilities: [48] Vendor Specific Information: Len=08 <?> Capabilities: [50] Power Management version 3 Capabilities: [64] Express Legacy Endpoint, MSI 00 Capabilities: [a0] MSI: Enable+ Count=1/1 Maskable- 64bit+ Capabilities: [100] Vendor Specific Information: ID=0001 Rev=1 Len=010 <?> Kernel driver in use: snd_hda_intel Kernel modules: snd_hda_intel 00: 02 10 37 16 06 04 10 00 00 00 03 04 10 00 80 00 10: 00 80 4c d0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 20: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 72 1d 51 19 30: 00 00 00 00 48 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ff 02 00 00 01:00.2 Encryption controller [1080]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Family 17h (Models 10h-1fh) Platform Security Processor [1022:15df] Subsystem: Xiaomi Device [1d72:1951] Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 59, IOMMU group 2 Memory at d0300000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=1M] Memory at d04cc000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=8K] Capabilities: [48] Vendor Specific Information: Len=08 <?> Capabilities: [50] Power Management version 3 Capabilities: [64] Express Endpoint, MSI 00 Capabilities: [a0] MSI: Enable- Count=1/2 Maskable- 64bit+ Capabilities: [c0] MSI-X: Enable+ Count=2 Masked- Capabilities: [100] Vendor Specific Information: ID=0001 Rev=1 Len=010 <?> Kernel driver in use: ccp Kernel modules: ccp 00: 22 10 df 15 06 04 10 08 00 00 80 10 10 00 80 00 10: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 30 d0 00 00 00 00 20: 00 00 00 00 00 c0 4c d0 00 00 00 00 72 1d 51 19 30: 00 00 00 00 48 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ff 03 00 00 01:00.3 USB controller [0c03]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Renoir/Cezanne USB 3.1 [1022:1639] (prog-if 30 [XHCI]) Subsystem: Xiaomi Device [1d72:1951] Flags: fast devsel, IRQ 32, IOMMU group 2 Memory at d0100000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=1M] Capabilities: [48] Vendor Specific Information: Len=08 <?> Capabilities: [50] Power Management version 3 Capabilities: [64] Express Endpoint, MSI 00 Capabilities: [a0] MSI: Enable- Count=1/8 Maskable- 64bit+ Capabilities: [c0] MSI-X: Enable+ Count=8 Masked- Capabilities: [100] Vendor Specific Information: ID=0001 Rev=1 Len=010 <?> Kernel driver in use: xhci_hcd Kernel modules: xhci_pci 00: 22 10 39 16 03 04 10 00 00 30 03 0c 10 00 80 00 10: 04 00 10 d0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 20: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 72 1d 51 19 30: 00 00 00 00 48 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ff 04 00 00 01:00.4 USB controller [0c03]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Renoir/Cezanne USB 3.1 [1022:1639] (prog-if 30 [XHCI]) Subsystem: Xiaomi Device [1d72:1951] Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 40, IOMMU group 2 Memory at d0200000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=1M] Capabilities: [48] Vendor Specific Information: Len=08 <?> Capabilities: [50] Power Management version 3 Capabilities: [64] Express Endpoint, MSI 00 Capabilities: [a0] MSI: Enable- Count=1/8 Maskable- 64bit+ Capabilities: [c0] MSI-X: Enable+ Count=8 Masked- Capabilities: [100] Vendor Specific Information: ID=0001 Rev=1 Len=010 <?> Kernel driver in use: xhci_hcd Kernel modules: xhci_pci 00: 22 10 39 16 07 04 10 00 00 30 03 0c 10 00 80 00 10: 04 00 20 d0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 20: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 72 1d 51 19 30: 00 00 00 00 48 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ff 01 00 00 01:00.5 Multimedia controller [0480]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Raven/Raven2/FireFlight/Renoir Audio Processor [1022:15e2] (rev 01) Subsystem: Xiaomi Device [1d72:1951] Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 63, IOMMU group 2 Memory at d0480000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=256K] Capabilities: [48] Vendor Specific Information: Len=08 <?> Capabilities: [50] Power Management version 3 Capabilities: [64] Express Endpoint, MSI 00 Capabilities: [a0] MSI: Enable+ Count=1/1 Maskable- 64bit+ Capabilities: [100] Vendor Specific Information: ID=0001 Rev=1 Len=010 <?> Kernel driver in use: snd_rn_pci_acp3x Kernel modules: snd_pci_acp3x, snd_rn_pci_acp3x, snd_pci_acp5x, snd_pci_acp6x 00: 22 10 e2 15 06 04 10 00 01 00 80 04 10 00 80 00 10: 00 00 48 d0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 20: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 72 1d 51 19 30: 00 00 00 00 48 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ff 02 00 00 01:00.6 Audio device [0403]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Family 17h (Models 10h-1fh) HD Audio Controller [1022:15e3] Subsystem: Xiaomi Device [1d72:1951] Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 66, IOMMU group 2 Memory at d04c0000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=32K] Capabilities: [48] Vendor Specific Information: Len=08 <?> Capabilities: [50] Power Management version 3 Capabilities: [64] Express Endpoint, MSI 00 Capabilities: [a0] MSI: Enable+ Count=1/1 Maskable- 64bit+ Capabilities: [100] Vendor Specific Information: ID=0001 Rev=1 Len=010 <?> Kernel driver in use: snd_hda_intel Kernel modules: snd_hda_intel 00: 22 10 e3 15 06 04 10 00 00 00 03 04 10 00 80 00 10: 00 00 4c d0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 20: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 72 1d 51 19 30: 00 00 00 00 48 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ff 03 00 00 02:00.0 SATA controller [0106]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] FCH SATA Controller [AHCI mode] [1022:7901] (rev 81) (prog-if 01 [AHCI 1.0]) Subsystem: Xiaomi Device [1d72:1951] Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 29, IOMMU group 2 Memory at d0001000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=2K] Capabilities: [48] Vendor Specific Information: Len=08 <?> Capabilities: [50] Power Management version 3 Capabilities: [64] Express Endpoint, MSI 00 Capabilities: [a0] MSI: Enable+ Count=1/2 Maskable- 64bit+ Capabilities: [d0] SATA HBA v1.0 Capabilities: [100] Vendor Specific Information: ID=0001 Rev=1 Len=010 <?> Capabilities: [270] Secondary PCI Express Capabilities: [400] Data Link Feature <?> Capabilities: [410] Physical Layer 16.0 GT/s <?> Capabilities: [440] Lane Margining at the Receiver <?> Kernel driver in use: ahci 00: 22 10 01 79 07 04 10 00 81 01 06 01 10 00 80 00 10: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 20: 00 00 00 00 00 10 00 d0 00 00 00 00 72 1d 51 19 30: 00 00 00 00 48 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ff 01 00 00 02:00.1 SATA controller [0106]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] FCH SATA Controller [AHCI mode] [1022:7901] (rev 81) (prog-if 01 [AHCI 1.0]) Subsystem: Xiaomi Device [1d72:1951] Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 31, IOMMU group 2 Memory at d0000000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=2K] Capabilities: [48] Vendor Specific Information: Len=08 <?> Capabilities: [50] Power Management version 3 Capabilities: [64] Express Endpoint, MSI 00 Capabilities: [a0] MSI: Enable+ Count=1/2 Maskable- 64bit+ Capabilities: [d0] SATA HBA v1.0 Capabilities: [100] Vendor Specific Information: ID=0001 Rev=1 Len=010 <?> Kernel driver in use: ahci 00: 22 10 01 79 07 04 10 00 81 01 06 01 10 00 80 00 10: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 20: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 d0 00 00 00 00 72 1d 51 19 30: 00 00 00 00 48 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ff 02 00 00

1 1

GigaDevice flash chip "GD25Q40(B)" flash successful w/ ch341a
by Bryan S 14 Feb '22

14 Feb '22

sudo flashrom --force --programmer ch341a_spi -w gb56c flashrom v1.2 on Linux 5.11.0-7633-generic (x86_64) flashrom is free software, get the source code at https://flashrom.org Using clock_gettime for delay loops (clk_id: 1, resolution: 1ns). Found GigaDevice flash chip "GD25Q40(B)" (512 kB, SPI) on ch341a_spi. === This flash part has status UNTESTED for operations: PROBE READ ERASE WRITE The test status of this chip may have been updated in the latest development version of flashrom. If you are running the latest development version, please email a report to flashrom(a)flashrom.org if any of the above operations work correctly for you with this flash chip. Please include the flashrom log file for all operations you tested (see the man page for details), and mention which mainboard or programmer you tested in the subject line. Thanks for your help! Reading old flash chip contents... done. Erasing and writing flash chip... Erase/write done. Verifying flash... VERIFIED. Have used your tool to rescue many things with my handy ch341a Thank you for your work.

1 0

programmer ch341a_spi chip ESMT F25L32PA report
by Oleg Ivanov 10 Feb '22

10 Feb '22

READ: flashrom v1.2 on Linux 5.15.5-arch1-1 (x86_64) flashrom is free software, get the source code at https://flashrom.org flashrom was built with libpci 3.6.4, GCC 9.3.0, little endian Command line (7 args): flashrom -p ch341a_spi -V -c F25L32PA -r test.bin Using clock_gettime for delay loops (clk_id: 1, resolution: 1ns). Initializing ch341a_spi programmer Device revision is 3.0.4 The following protocols are supported: SPI. Probing for ESMT F25L32PA, 4096 kB: probe_spi_rdid_generic: id1 0x8c, id2 0x2016 Found ESMT flash chip "F25L32PA" (4096 kB, SPI) on ch341a_spi. Chip status register is 0x1c. Chip status register: Block Protect Write Disable (BPL) is not set Chip status register: Bit 6 is not set Chip status register: Bit 5 is not set Chip status register: Block Protect 2 (BP2) is set Chip status register: Block Protect 1 (BP1) is set Chip status register: Block Protect 0 (BP0) is set Chip status register: Write Enable Latch (WEL) is not set Chip status register: Write In Progress (WIP/BUSY) is not set This chip may contain one-time programmable memory. flashrom cannot read and may never be able to write it, hence it may not be able to completely clone the contents of this chip (see man page for details). === This flash part has status UNTESTED for operations: PROBE READ ERASE WRITE The test status of this chip may have been updated in the latest development version of flashrom. If you are running the latest development version, please email a report to flashrom(a)flashrom.org if any of the above operations work correctly for you with this flash chip. Please include the flashrom log file for all operations you tested (see the man page for details), and mention which mainboard or programmer you tested in the subject line. Thanks for your help! Some block protection in effect, disabling... disabled. Reading flash... done. ERASE: flashrom v1.2 on Linux 5.15.5-arch1-1 (x86_64) flashrom is free software, get the source code at https://flashrom.org flashrom was built with libpci 3.6.4, GCC 9.3.0, little endian Command line (6 args): flashrom -p ch341a_spi -V -c F25L32PA -E Using clock_gettime for delay loops (clk_id: 1, resolution: 1ns). Initializing ch341a_spi programmer Device revision is 3.0.4 The following protocols are supported: SPI. Probing for ESMT F25L32PA, 4096 kB: probe_spi_rdid_generic: id1 0x8c, id2 0x2016 Found ESMT flash chip "F25L32PA" (4096 kB, SPI) on ch341a_spi. Chip status register is 0x00. Chip status register: Block Protect Write Disable (BPL) is not set Chip status register: Bit 6 is not set Chip status register: Bit 5 is not set Chip status register: Block Protect 2 (BP2) is not set Chip status register: Block Protect 1 (BP1) is not set Chip status register: Block Protect 0 (BP0) is not set Chip status register: Write Enable Latch (WEL) is not set Chip status register: Write In Progress (WIP/BUSY) is not set This chip may contain one-time programmable memory. flashrom cannot read and may never be able to write it, hence it may not be able to completely clone the contents of this chip (see man page for details). === This flash part has status UNTESTED for operations: PROBE READ ERASE WRITE The test status of this chip may have been updated in the latest development version of flashrom. If you are running the latest development version, please email a report to flashrom(a)flashrom.org if any of the above operations work correctly for you with this flash chip. Please include the flashrom log file for all operations you tested (see the man page for details), and mention which mainboard or programmer you tested in the subject line. Thanks for your help! Erasing and writing flash chip... Trying erase function 0... 0x000000-0x000fff:E, 0x001000-0x001fff:E, 0x002000-0x002fff:E, 0x003000-0x003fff:E, 0x004000-0x004fff:E, 0x005000-0x005fff:E, 0x006000-0x006fff:E, 0x007000-0x007fff:E, 0x008000-0x008fff:E, 0x009000-0x009fff:E, 0x00a000-0x00afff:E, 0x00b000-0x00bfff:E, 0x00c000-0x00cfff:E, 0x00d000-0x00dfff:E, 0x00e000-0x00efff:E, 0x00f000-0x00ffff:E, 0x010000-0x010fff:E, 0x011000-0x011fff:E, 0x012000-0x012fff:E, 0x013000-0x013fff:E, 0x014000-0x014fff:E, 0x015000-0x015fff:E, 0x016000-0x016fff:E, 0x017000-0x017fff:E, 0x018000-0x018fff:E, 0x019000-0x019fff:E, 0x01a000-0x01afff:E, 0x01b000-0x01bfff:E, 0x01c000-0x01cfff:E, 0x01d000-0x01dfff:E, 0x01e000-0x01efff:E, 0x01f000-0x01ffff:E, 0x020000-0x020fff:E, 0x021000-0x021fff:E, 0x022000-0x022fff:E, 0x023000-0x023fff:E, 0x024000-0x024fff:E, 0x025000-0x025fff:E, 0x026000-0x026fff:E, 0x027000-0x027fff:E, 0x028000-0x028fff:E, 0x029000-0x029fff:E, 0x02a000-0x02afff:E, 0x02b000-0x02bfff:E, 0x02c000-0x02cfff:E, 0x02d000-0x02dfff:E, 0x02e000-0x02efff:E, 0x02f000-0x02ffff:E, 0x030000-0x030fff:E, 0x031000-0x031fff:E, 0x032000-0x032fff:E, 0x033000-0x033fff:E, 0x034000-0x034fff:E, 0x035000-0x035fff:E, 0x036000-0x036fff:E, 0x037000-0x037fff:E, 0x038000-0x038fff:E, 0x039000-0x039fff:E, 0x03a000-0x03afff:E, 0x03b000-0x03bfff:E, 0x03c000-0x03cfff:E, 0x03d000-0x03dfff:E, 0x03e000-0x03efff:E, 0x03f000-0x03ffff:E, 0x040000-0x040fff:E, 0x041000-0x041fff:E, 0x042000-0x042fff:E, 0x043000-0x043fff:E, 0x044000-0x044fff:E, 0x045000-0x045fff:E, 0x046000-0x046fff:E, 0x047000-0x047fff:E, 0x048000-0x048fff:E, 0x049000-0x049fff:E, 0x04a000-0x04afff:E, 0x04b000-0x04bfff:E, 0x04c000-0x04cfff:E, 0x04d000-0x04dfff:E, 0x04e000-0x04efff:E, 0x04f000-0x04ffff:E, 0x050000-0x050fff:E, 0x051000-0x051fff:E, 0x052000-0x052fff:E, 0x053000-0x053fff:E, 0x054000-0x054fff:E, 0x055000-0x055fff:E, 0x056000-0x056fff:E, 0x057000-0x057fff:E, 0x058000-0x058fff:E, 0x059000-0x059fff:E, 0x05a000-0x05afff:E, 0x05b000-0x05bfff:E, 0x05c000-0x05cfff:E, 0x05d000-0x05dfff:E, 0x05e000-0x05efff:E, 0x05f000-0x05ffff:E, 0x060000-0x060fff:E, 0x061000-0x061fff:E, 0x062000-0x062fff:E, 0x063000-0x063fff:E, 0x064000-0x064fff:E, 0x065000-0x065fff:E, 0x066000-0x066fff:E, 0x067000-0x067fff:E, 0x068000-0x068fff:E, 0x069000-0x069fff:E, 0x06a000-0x06afff:E, 0x06b000-0x06bfff:E, 0x06c000-0x06cfff:E, 0x06d000-0x06dfff:E, 0x06e000-0x06efff:E, 0x06f000-0x06ffff:E, 0x070000-0x070fff:E, 0x071000-0x071fff:E, 0x072000-0x072fff:E, 0x073000-0x073fff:E, 0x074000-0x074fff:E, 0x075000-0x075fff:E, 0x076000-0x076fff:E, 0x077000-0x077fff:E, 0x078000-0x078fff:E, 0x079000-0x079fff:E, 0x07a000-0x07afff:E, 0x07b000-0x07bfff:E, 0x07c000-0x07cfff:E, 0x07d000-0x07dfff:E, 0x07e000-0x07efff:E, 0x07f000-0x07ffff:E, 0x080000-0x080fff:E, 0x081000-0x081fff:E, 0x082000-0x082fff:E, 0x083000-0x083fff:E, 0x084000-0x084fff:E, 0x085000-0x085fff:E, 0x086000-0x086fff:E, 0x087000-0x087fff:E, 0x088000-0x088fff:E, 0x089000-0x089fff:E, 0x08a000-0x08afff:E, 0x08b000-0x08bfff:E, 0x08c000-0x08cfff:E, 0x08d000-0x08dfff:E, 0x08e000-0x08efff:E, 0x08f000-0x08ffff:E, 0x090000-0x090fff:E, 0x091000-0x091fff:E, 0x092000-0x092fff:E, 0x093000-0x093fff:E, 0x094000-0x094fff:E, 0x095000-0x095fff:E, 0x096000-0x096fff:E, 0x097000-0x097fff:E, 0x098000-0x098fff:E, 0x099000-0x099fff:E, 0x09a000-0x09afff:E, 0x09b000-0x09bfff:E, 0x09c000-0x09cfff:E, 0x09d000-0x09dfff:E, 0x09e000-0x09efff:E, 0x09f000-0x09ffff:E, 0x0a0000-0x0a0fff:E, 0x0a1000-0x0a1fff:E, 0x0a2000-0x0a2fff:E, 0x0a3000-0x0a3fff:E, 0x0a4000-0x0a4fff:E, 0x0a5000-0x0a5fff:E, 0x0a6000-0x0a6fff:E, 0x0a7000-0x0a7fff:E, 0x0a8000-0x0a8fff:E, 0x0a9000-0x0a9fff:E, 0x0aa000-0x0aafff:E, 0x0ab000-0x0abfff:E, 0x0ac000-0x0acfff:E, 0x0ad000-0x0adfff:E, 0x0ae000-0x0aefff:E, 0x0af000-0x0affff:E, 0x0b0000-0x0b0fff:E, 0x0b1000-0x0b1fff:E, 0x0b2000-0x0b2fff:E, 0x0b3000-0x0b3fff:E, 0x0b4000-0x0b4fff:E, 0x0b5000-0x0b5fff:E, 0x0b6000-0x0b6fff:E, 0x0b7000-0x0b7fff:E, 0x0b8000-0x0b8fff:E, 0x0b9000-0x0b9fff:E, 0x0ba000-0x0bafff:E, 0x0bb000-0x0bbfff:E, 0x0bc000-0x0bcfff:E, 0x0bd000-0x0bdfff:E, 0x0be000-0x0befff:E, 0x0bf000-0x0bffff:E, 0x0c0000-0x0c0fff:E, 0x0c1000-0x0c1fff:E, 0x0c2000-0x0c2fff:E, 0x0c3000-0x0c3fff:E, 0x0c4000-0x0c4fff:E, 0x0c5000-0x0c5fff:E, 0x0c6000-0x0c6fff:E, 0x0c7000-0x0c7fff:E, 0x0c8000-0x0c8fff:E, 0x0c9000-0x0c9fff:E, 0x0ca000-0x0cafff:E, 0x0cb000-0x0cbfff:E, 0x0cc000-0x0ccfff:E, 0x0cd000-0x0cdfff:E, 0x0ce000-0x0cefff:E, 0x0cf000-0x0cffff:E, 0x0d0000-0x0d0fff:E, 0x0d1000-0x0d1fff:E, 0x0d2000-0x0d2fff:E, 0x0d3000-0x0d3fff:E, 0x0d4000-0x0d4fff:E, 0x0d5000-0x0d5fff:E, 0x0d6000-0x0d6fff:E, 0x0d7000-0x0d7fff:E, 0x0d8000-0x0d8fff:E, 0x0d9000-0x0d9fff:E, 0x0da000-0x0dafff:E, 0x0db000-0x0dbfff:E, 0x0dc000-0x0dcfff:E, 0x0dd000-0x0ddfff:E, 0x0de000-0x0defff:E, 0x0df000-0x0dffff:E, 0x0e0000-0x0e0fff:E, 0x0e1000-0x0e1fff:E, 0x0e2000-0x0e2fff:E, 0x0e3000-0x0e3fff:E, 0x0e4000-0x0e4fff:E, 0x0e5000-0x0e5fff:E, 0x0e6000-0x0e6fff:E, 0x0e7000-0x0e7fff:E, 0x0e8000-0x0e8fff:E, 0x0e9000-0x0e9fff:E, 0x0ea000-0x0eafff:E, 0x0eb000-0x0ebfff:E, 0x0ec000-0x0ecfff:E, 0x0ed000-0x0edfff:E, 0x0ee000-0x0eefff:E, 0x0ef000-0x0effff:E, 0x0f0000-0x0f0fff:E, 0x0f1000-0x0f1fff:E, 0x0f2000-0x0f2fff:E, 0x0f3000-0x0f3fff:E, 0x0f4000-0x0f4fff:E, 0x0f5000-0x0f5fff:E, 0x0f6000-0x0f6fff:E, 0x0f7000-0x0f7fff:E, 0x0f8000-0x0f8fff:E, 0x0f9000-0x0f9fff:E, 0x0fa000-0x0fafff:E, 0x0fb000-0x0fbfff:E, 0x0fc000-0x0fcfff:E, 0x0fd000-0x0fdfff:E, 0x0fe000-0x0fefff:E, 0x0ff000-0x0fffff:E, 0x100000-0x100fff:E, 0x101000-0x101fff:E, 0x102000-0x102fff:E, 0x103000-0x103fff:E, 0x104000-0x104fff:E, 0x105000-0x105fff:E, 0x106000-0x106fff:E, 0x107000-0x107fff:E, 0x108000-0x108fff:E, 0x109000-0x109fff:E, 0x10a000-0x10afff:E, 0x10b000-0x10bfff:E, 0x10c000-0x10cfff:E, 0x10d000-0x10dfff:E, 0x10e000-0x10efff:E, 0x10f000-0x10ffff:E, 0x110000-0x110fff:E, 0x111000-0x111fff:E, 0x112000-0x112fff:E, 0x113000-0x113fff:E, 0x114000-0x114fff:E, 0x115000-0x115fff:E, 0x116000-0x116fff:E, 0x117000-0x117fff:E, 0x118000-0x118fff:E, 0x119000-0x119fff:E, 0x11a000-0x11afff:E, 0x11b000-0x11bfff:E, 0x11c000-0x11cfff:E, 0x11d000-0x11dfff:E, 0x11e000-0x11efff:E, 0x11f000-0x11ffff:E, 0x120000-0x120fff:E, 0x121000-0x121fff:E, 0x122000-0x122fff:E, 0x123000-0x123fff:E, 0x124000-0x124fff:E, 0x125000-0x125fff:E, 0x126000-0x126fff:E, 0x127000-0x127fff:E, 0x128000-0x128fff:E, 0x129000-0x129fff:E, 0x12a000-0x12afff:E, 0x12b000-0x12bfff:E, 0x12c000-0x12cfff:E, 0x12d000-0x12dfff:E, 0x12e000-0x12efff:E, 0x12f000-0x12ffff:E, 0x130000-0x130fff:E, 0x131000-0x131fff:E, 0x132000-0x132fff:E, 0x133000-0x133fff:E, 0x134000-0x134fff:E, 0x135000-0x135fff:E, 0x136000-0x136fff:E, 0x137000-0x137fff:E, 0x138000-0x138fff:E, 0x139000-0x139fff:E, 0x13a000-0x13afff:E, 0x13b000-0x13bfff:E, 0x13c000-0x13cfff:E, 0x13d000-0x13dfff:E, 0x13e000-0x13efff:E, 0x13f000-0x13ffff:E, 0x140000-0x140fff:E, 0x141000-0x141fff:E, 0x142000-0x142fff:E, 0x143000-0x143fff:E, 0x144000-0x144fff:E, 0x145000-0x145fff:E, 0x146000-0x146fff:E, 0x147000-0x147fff:E, 0x148000-0x148fff:E, 0x149000-0x149fff:E, 0x14a000-0x14afff:E, 0x14b000-0x14bfff:E, 0x14c000-0x14cfff:E, 0x14d000-0x14dfff:E, 0x14e000-0x14efff:E, 0x14f000-0x14ffff:E, 0x150000-0x150fff:E, 0x151000-0x151fff:E, 0x152000-0x152fff:E, 0x153000-0x153fff:E, 0x154000-0x154fff:E, 0x155000-0x155fff:E, 0x156000-0x156fff:E, 0x157000-0x157fff:E, 0x158000-0x158fff:E, 0x159000-0x159fff:E, 0x15a000-0x15afff:E, 0x15b000-0x15bfff:E, 0x15c000-0x15cfff:E, 0x15d000-0x15dfff:E, 0x15e000-0x15efff:E, 0x15f000-0x15ffff:E, 0x160000-0x160fff:E, 0x161000-0x161fff:E, 0x162000-0x162fff:E, 0x163000-0x163fff:E, 0x164000-0x164fff:E, 0x165000-0x165fff:E, 0x166000-0x166fff:E, 0x167000-0x167fff:E, 0x168000-0x168fff:E, 0x169000-0x169fff:E, 0x16a000-0x16afff:E, 0x16b000-0x16bfff:E, 0x16c000-0x16cfff:E, 0x16d000-0x16dfff:E, 0x16e000-0x16efff:E, 0x16f000-0x16ffff:E, 0x170000-0x170fff:E, 0x171000-0x171fff:E, 0x172000-0x172fff:E, 0x173000-0x173fff:E, 0x174000-0x174fff:E, 0x175000-0x175fff:E, 0x176000-0x176fff:E, 0x177000-0x177fff:E, 0x178000-0x178fff:E, 0x179000-0x179fff:E, 0x17a000-0x17afff:E, 0x17b000-0x17bfff:E, 0x17c000-0x17cfff:E, 0x17d000-0x17dfff:E, 0x17e000-0x17efff:E, 0x17f000-0x17ffff:E, 0x180000-0x180fff:E, 0x181000-0x181fff:E, 0x182000-0x182fff:E, 0x183000-0x183fff:E, 0x184000-0x184fff:E, 0x185000-0x185fff:E, 0x186000-0x186fff:E, 0x187000-0x187fff:E, 0x188000-0x188fff:E, 0x189000-0x189fff:E, 0x18a000-0x18afff:E, 0x18b000-0x18bfff:E, 0x18c000-0x18cfff:E, 0x18d000-0x18dfff:E, 0x18e000-0x18efff:E, 0x18f000-0x18ffff:E, 0x190000-0x190fff:E, 0x191000-0x191fff:E, 0x192000-0x192fff:E, 0x193000-0x193fff:E, 0x194000-0x194fff:E, 0x195000-0x195fff:E, 0x196000-0x196fff:E, 0x197000-0x197fff:E, 0x198000-0x198fff:E, 0x199000-0x199fff:E, 0x19a000-0x19afff:E, 0x19b000-0x19bfff:E, 0x19c000-0x19cfff:E, 0x19d000-0x19dfff:E, 0x19e000-0x19efff:E, 0x19f000-0x19ffff:E, 0x1a0000-0x1a0fff:E, 0x1a1000-0x1a1fff:E, 0x1a2000-0x1a2fff:E, 0x1a3000-0x1a3fff:E, 0x1a4000-0x1a4fff:E, 0x1a5000-0x1a5fff:E, 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0x1d5000-0x1d5fff:E, 0x1d6000-0x1d6fff:E, 0x1d7000-0x1d7fff:E, 0x1d8000-0x1d8fff:E, 0x1d9000-0x1d9fff:E, 0x1da000-0x1dafff:E, 0x1db000-0x1dbfff:E, 0x1dc000-0x1dcfff:E, 0x1dd000-0x1ddfff:E, 0x1de000-0x1defff:E, 0x1df000-0x1dffff:E, 0x1e0000-0x1e0fff:E, 0x1e1000-0x1e1fff:E, 0x1e2000-0x1e2fff:E, 0x1e3000-0x1e3fff:E, 0x1e4000-0x1e4fff:E, 0x1e5000-0x1e5fff:E, 0x1e6000-0x1e6fff:E, 0x1e7000-0x1e7fff:E, 0x1e8000-0x1e8fff:E, 0x1e9000-0x1e9fff:E, 0x1ea000-0x1eafff:E, 0x1eb000-0x1ebfff:E, 0x1ec000-0x1ecfff:E, 0x1ed000-0x1edfff:E, 0x1ee000-0x1eefff:E, 0x1ef000-0x1effff:E, 0x1f0000-0x1f0fff:E, 0x1f1000-0x1f1fff:E, 0x1f2000-0x1f2fff:E, 0x1f3000-0x1f3fff:E, 0x1f4000-0x1f4fff:E, 0x1f5000-0x1f5fff:E, 0x1f6000-0x1f6fff:E, 0x1f7000-0x1f7fff:E, 0x1f8000-0x1f8fff:E, 0x1f9000-0x1f9fff:E, 0x1fa000-0x1fafff:E, 0x1fb000-0x1fbfff:E, 0x1fc000-0x1fcfff:E, 0x1fd000-0x1fdfff:E, 0x1fe000-0x1fefff:E, 0x1ff000-0x1fffff:E, 0x200000-0x200fff:E, 0x201000-0x201fff:E, 0x202000-0x202fff:E, 0x203000-0x203fff:E, 0x204000-0x204fff:E, 0x205000-0x205fff:E, 0x206000-0x206fff:E, 0x207000-0x207fff:E, 0x208000-0x208fff:E, 0x209000-0x209fff:E, 0x20a000-0x20afff:E, 0x20b000-0x20bfff:E, 0x20c000-0x20cfff:E, 0x20d000-0x20dfff:E, 0x20e000-0x20efff:E, 0x20f000-0x20ffff:E, 0x210000-0x210fff:E, 0x211000-0x211fff:E, 0x212000-0x212fff:E, 0x213000-0x213fff:E, 0x214000-0x214fff:E, 0x215000-0x215fff:E, 0x216000-0x216fff:E, 0x217000-0x217fff:E, 0x218000-0x218fff:E, 0x219000-0x219fff:E, 0x21a000-0x21afff:E, 0x21b000-0x21bfff:E, 0x21c000-0x21cfff:E, 0x21d000-0x21dfff:E, 0x21e000-0x21efff:E, 0x21f000-0x21ffff:E, 0x220000-0x220fff:E, 0x221000-0x221fff:E, 0x222000-0x222fff:E, 0x223000-0x223fff:E, 0x224000-0x224fff:E, 0x225000-0x225fff:E, 0x226000-0x226fff:E, 0x227000-0x227fff:E, 0x228000-0x228fff:E, 0x229000-0x229fff:E, 0x22a000-0x22afff:E, 0x22b000-0x22bfff:E, 0x22c000-0x22cfff:E, 0x22d000-0x22dfff:E, 0x22e000-0x22efff:E, 0x22f000-0x22ffff:E, 0x230000-0x230fff:E, 0x231000-0x231fff:E, 0x232000-0x232fff:E, 0x233000-0x233fff:E, 0x234000-0x234fff:E, 0x235000-0x235fff:E, 0x236000-0x236fff:E, 0x237000-0x237fff:E, 0x238000-0x238fff:E, 0x239000-0x239fff:E, 0x23a000-0x23afff:E, 0x23b000-0x23bfff:E, 0x23c000-0x23cfff:E, 0x23d000-0x23dfff:E, 0x23e000-0x23efff:E, 0x23f000-0x23ffff:E, 0x240000-0x240fff:E, 0x241000-0x241fff:E, 0x242000-0x242fff:E, 0x243000-0x243fff:E, 0x244000-0x244fff:E, 0x245000-0x245fff:E, 0x246000-0x246fff:E, 0x247000-0x247fff:E, 0x248000-0x248fff:E, 0x249000-0x249fff:E, 0x24a000-0x24afff:E, 0x24b000-0x24bfff:E, 0x24c000-0x24cfff:E, 0x24d000-0x24dfff:E, 0x24e000-0x24efff:E, 0x24f000-0x24ffff:E, 0x250000-0x250fff:E, 0x251000-0x251fff:E, 0x252000-0x252fff:E, 0x253000-0x253fff:E, 0x254000-0x254fff:E, 0x255000-0x255fff:E, 0x256000-0x256fff:E, 0x257000-0x257fff:E, 0x258000-0x258fff:E, 0x259000-0x259fff:E, 0x25a000-0x25afff:E, 0x25b000-0x25bfff:E, 0x25c000-0x25cfff:E, 0x25d000-0x25dfff:E, 0x25e000-0x25efff:E, 0x25f000-0x25ffff:E, 0x260000-0x260fff:E, 0x261000-0x261fff:E, 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0x291000-0x291fff:E, 0x292000-0x292fff:E, 0x293000-0x293fff:E, 0x294000-0x294fff:E, 0x295000-0x295fff:E, 0x296000-0x296fff:E, 0x297000-0x297fff:E, 0x298000-0x298fff:E, 0x299000-0x299fff:E, 0x29a000-0x29afff:E, 0x29b000-0x29bfff:E, 0x29c000-0x29cfff:E, 0x29d000-0x29dfff:E, 0x29e000-0x29efff:E, 0x29f000-0x29ffff:E, 0x2a0000-0x2a0fff:E, 0x2a1000-0x2a1fff:E, 0x2a2000-0x2a2fff:E, 0x2a3000-0x2a3fff:E, 0x2a4000-0x2a4fff:E, 0x2a5000-0x2a5fff:E, 0x2a6000-0x2a6fff:E, 0x2a7000-0x2a7fff:E, 0x2a8000-0x2a8fff:E, 0x2a9000-0x2a9fff:E, 0x2aa000-0x2aafff:E, 0x2ab000-0x2abfff:E, 0x2ac000-0x2acfff:E, 0x2ad000-0x2adfff:E, 0x2ae000-0x2aefff:E, 0x2af000-0x2affff:E, 0x2b0000-0x2b0fff:E, 0x2b1000-0x2b1fff:E, 0x2b2000-0x2b2fff:E, 0x2b3000-0x2b3fff:E, 0x2b4000-0x2b4fff:E, 0x2b5000-0x2b5fff:E, 0x2b6000-0x2b6fff:E, 0x2b7000-0x2b7fff:E, 0x2b8000-0x2b8fff:E, 0x2b9000-0x2b9fff:E, 0x2ba000-0x2bafff:E, 0x2bb000-0x2bbfff:E, 0x2bc000-0x2bcfff:E, 0x2bd000-0x2bdfff:E, 0x2be000-0x2befff:E, 0x2bf000-0x2bffff:E, 0x2c0000-0x2c0fff:E, 0x2c1000-0x2c1fff:E, 0x2c2000-0x2c2fff:E, 0x2c3000-0x2c3fff:E, 0x2c4000-0x2c4fff:E, 0x2c5000-0x2c5fff:E, 0x2c6000-0x2c6fff:E, 0x2c7000-0x2c7fff:E, 0x2c8000-0x2c8fff:E, 0x2c9000-0x2c9fff:E, 0x2ca000-0x2cafff:E, 0x2cb000-0x2cbfff:E, 0x2cc000-0x2ccfff:E, 0x2cd000-0x2cdfff:E, 0x2ce000-0x2cefff:E, 0x2cf000-0x2cffff:E, 0x2d0000-0x2d0fff:E, 0x2d1000-0x2d1fff:E, 0x2d2000-0x2d2fff:E, 0x2d3000-0x2d3fff:E, 0x2d4000-0x2d4fff:E, 0x2d5000-0x2d5fff:E, 0x2d6000-0x2d6fff:E, 0x2d7000-0x2d7fff:E, 0x2d8000-0x2d8fff:E, 0x2d9000-0x2d9fff:E, 0x2da000-0x2dafff:E, 0x2db000-0x2dbfff:E, 0x2dc000-0x2dcfff:E, 0x2dd000-0x2ddfff:E, 0x2de000-0x2defff:E, 0x2df000-0x2dffff:E, 0x2e0000-0x2e0fff:E, 0x2e1000-0x2e1fff:E, 0x2e2000-0x2e2fff:E, 0x2e3000-0x2e3fff:E, 0x2e4000-0x2e4fff:E, 0x2e5000-0x2e5fff:E, 0x2e6000-0x2e6fff:E, 0x2e7000-0x2e7fff:E, 0x2e8000-0x2e8fff:E, 0x2e9000-0x2e9fff:E, 0x2ea000-0x2eafff:E, 0x2eb000-0x2ebfff:E, 0x2ec000-0x2ecfff:E, 0x2ed000-0x2edfff:E, 0x2ee000-0x2eefff:E, 0x2ef000-0x2effff:E, 0x2f0000-0x2f0fff:E, 0x2f1000-0x2f1fff:E, 0x2f2000-0x2f2fff:E, 0x2f3000-0x2f3fff:E, 0x2f4000-0x2f4fff:E, 0x2f5000-0x2f5fff:E, 0x2f6000-0x2f6fff:E, 0x2f7000-0x2f7fff:E, 0x2f8000-0x2f8fff:E, 0x2f9000-0x2f9fff:E, 0x2fa000-0x2fafff:E, 0x2fb000-0x2fbfff:E, 0x2fc000-0x2fcfff:E, 0x2fd000-0x2fdfff:E, 0x2fe000-0x2fefff:E, 0x2ff000-0x2fffff:E, 0x300000-0x300fff:E, 0x301000-0x301fff:E, 0x302000-0x302fff:E, 0x303000-0x303fff:E, 0x304000-0x304fff:E, 0x305000-0x305fff:E, 0x306000-0x306fff:E, 0x307000-0x307fff:E, 0x308000-0x308fff:E, 0x309000-0x309fff:E, 0x30a000-0x30afff:E, 0x30b000-0x30bfff:E, 0x30c000-0x30cfff:E, 0x30d000-0x30dfff:E, 0x30e000-0x30efff:E, 0x30f000-0x30ffff:E, 0x310000-0x310fff:E, 0x311000-0x311fff:E, 0x312000-0x312fff:E, 0x313000-0x313fff:E, 0x314000-0x314fff:E, 0x315000-0x315fff:E, 0x316000-0x316fff:E, 0x317000-0x317fff:E, 0x318000-0x318fff:E, 0x319000-0x319fff:E, 0x31a000-0x31afff:E, 0x31b000-0x31bfff:E, 0x31c000-0x31cfff:E, 0x31d000-0x31dfff:E, 0x31e000-0x31efff:E, 0x31f000-0x31ffff:E, 0x320000-0x320fff:E, 0x321000-0x321fff:E, 0x322000-0x322fff:E, 0x323000-0x323fff:E, 0x324000-0x324fff:E, 0x325000-0x325fff:E, 0x326000-0x326fff:E, 0x327000-0x327fff:E, 0x328000-0x328fff:E, 0x329000-0x329fff:E, 0x32a000-0x32afff:E, 0x32b000-0x32bfff:E, 0x32c000-0x32cfff:E, 0x32d000-0x32dfff:E, 0x32e000-0x32efff:E, 0x32f000-0x32ffff:E, 0x330000-0x330fff:E, 0x331000-0x331fff:E, 0x332000-0x332fff:E, 0x333000-0x333fff:E, 0x334000-0x334fff:E, 0x335000-0x335fff:E, 0x336000-0x336fff:E, 0x337000-0x337fff:E, 0x338000-0x338fff:E, 0x339000-0x339fff:E, 0x33a000-0x33afff:E, 0x33b000-0x33bfff:E, 0x33c000-0x33cfff:E, 0x33d000-0x33dfff:E, 0x33e000-0x33efff:E, 0x33f000-0x33ffff:E, 0x340000-0x340fff:E, 0x341000-0x341fff:E, 0x342000-0x342fff:E, 0x343000-0x343fff:E, 0x344000-0x344fff:E, 0x345000-0x345fff:E, 0x346000-0x346fff:E, 0x347000-0x347fff:E, 0x348000-0x348fff:E, 0x349000-0x349fff:E, 0x34a000-0x34afff:E, 0x34b000-0x34bfff:E, 0x34c000-0x34cfff:E, 0x34d000-0x34dfff:E, 0x34e000-0x34efff:E, 0x34f000-0x34ffff:E, 0x350000-0x350fff:E, 0x351000-0x351fff:E, 0x352000-0x352fff:E, 0x353000-0x353fff:E, 0x354000-0x354fff:E, 0x355000-0x355fff:E, 0x356000-0x356fff:E, 0x357000-0x357fff:E, 0x358000-0x358fff:E, 0x359000-0x359fff:E, 0x35a000-0x35afff:E, 0x35b000-0x35bfff:E, 0x35c000-0x35cfff:E, 0x35d000-0x35dfff:E, 0x35e000-0x35efff:E, 0x35f000-0x35ffff:E, 0x360000-0x360fff:E, 0x361000-0x361fff:E, 0x362000-0x362fff:E, 0x363000-0x363fff:E, 0x364000-0x364fff:E, 0x365000-0x365fff:E, 0x366000-0x366fff:E, 0x367000-0x367fff:E, 0x368000-0x368fff:E, 0x369000-0x369fff:E, 0x36a000-0x36afff:E, 0x36b000-0x36bfff:E, 0x36c000-0x36cfff:E, 0x36d000-0x36dfff:E, 0x36e000-0x36efff:E, 0x36f000-0x36ffff:E, 0x370000-0x370fff:E, 0x371000-0x371fff:E, 0x372000-0x372fff:E, 0x373000-0x373fff:E, 0x374000-0x374fff:E, 0x375000-0x375fff:E, 0x376000-0x376fff:E, 0x377000-0x377fff:E, 0x378000-0x378fff:E, 0x379000-0x379fff:E, 0x37a000-0x37afff:E, 0x37b000-0x37bfff:E, 0x37c000-0x37cfff:E, 0x37d000-0x37dfff:E, 0x37e000-0x37efff:E, 0x37f000-0x37ffff:E, 0x380000-0x380fff:E, 0x381000-0x381fff:E, 0x382000-0x382fff:E, 0x383000-0x383fff:E, 0x384000-0x384fff:E, 0x385000-0x385fff:E, 0x386000-0x386fff:E, 0x387000-0x387fff:E, 0x388000-0x388fff:E, 0x389000-0x389fff:E, 0x38a000-0x38afff:E, 0x38b000-0x38bfff:E, 0x38c000-0x38cfff:E, 0x38d000-0x38dfff:E, 0x38e000-0x38efff:E, 0x38f000-0x38ffff:E, 0x390000-0x390fff:E, 0x391000-0x391fff:E, 0x392000-0x392fff:E, 0x393000-0x393fff:E, 0x394000-0x394fff:E, 0x395000-0x395fff:E, 0x396000-0x396fff:E, 0x397000-0x397fff:E, 0x398000-0x398fff:E, 0x399000-0x399fff:E, 0x39a000-0x39afff:E, 0x39b000-0x39bfff:E, 0x39c000-0x39cfff:E, 0x39d000-0x39dfff:E, 0x39e000-0x39efff:E, 0x39f000-0x39ffff:E, 0x3a0000-0x3a0fff:E, 0x3a1000-0x3a1fff:E, 0x3a2000-0x3a2fff:E, 0x3a3000-0x3a3fff:E, 0x3a4000-0x3a4fff:E, 0x3a5000-0x3a5fff:E, 0x3a6000-0x3a6fff:E, 0x3a7000-0x3a7fff:E, 0x3a8000-0x3a8fff:E, 0x3a9000-0x3a9fff:E, 0x3aa000-0x3aafff:E, 0x3ab000-0x3abfff:E, 0x3ac000-0x3acfff:E, 0x3ad000-0x3adfff:E, 0x3ae000-0x3aefff:E, 0x3af000-0x3affff:E, 0x3b0000-0x3b0fff:E, 0x3b1000-0x3b1fff:E, 0x3b2000-0x3b2fff:E, 0x3b3000-0x3b3fff:E, 0x3b4000-0x3b4fff:E, 0x3b5000-0x3b5fff:E, 0x3b6000-0x3b6fff:E, 0x3b7000-0x3b7fff:E, 0x3b8000-0x3b8fff:E, 0x3b9000-0x3b9fff:E, 0x3ba000-0x3bafff:E, 0x3bb000-0x3bbfff:E, 0x3bc000-0x3bcfff:E, 0x3bd000-0x3bdfff:E, 0x3be000-0x3befff:E, 0x3bf000-0x3bffff:E, 0x3c0000-0x3c0fff:E, 0x3c1000-0x3c1fff:E, 0x3c2000-0x3c2fff:E, 0x3c3000-0x3c3fff:E, 0x3c4000-0x3c4fff:E, 0x3c5000-0x3c5fff:E, 0x3c6000-0x3c6fff:E, 0x3c7000-0x3c7fff:E, 0x3c8000-0x3c8fff:E, 0x3c9000-0x3c9fff:E, 0x3ca000-0x3cafff:E, 0x3cb000-0x3cbfff:E, 0x3cc000-0x3ccfff:E, 0x3cd000-0x3cdfff:E, 0x3ce000-0x3cefff:E, 0x3cf000-0x3cffff:E, 0x3d0000-0x3d0fff:E, 0x3d1000-0x3d1fff:E, 0x3d2000-0x3d2fff:E, 0x3d3000-0x3d3fff:E, 0x3d4000-0x3d4fff:E, 0x3d5000-0x3d5fff:E, 0x3d6000-0x3d6fff:E, 0x3d7000-0x3d7fff:E, 0x3d8000-0x3d8fff:E, 0x3d9000-0x3d9fff:E, 0x3da000-0x3dafff:E, 0x3db000-0x3dbfff:E, 0x3dc000-0x3dcfff:E, 0x3dd000-0x3ddfff:E, 0x3de000-0x3defff:E, 0x3df000-0x3dffff:E, 0x3e0000-0x3e0fff:E, 0x3e1000-0x3e1fff:E, 0x3e2000-0x3e2fff:E, 0x3e3000-0x3e3fff:E, 0x3e4000-0x3e4fff:E, 0x3e5000-0x3e5fff:E, 0x3e6000-0x3e6fff:E, 0x3e7000-0x3e7fff:E, 0x3e8000-0x3e8fff:E, 0x3e9000-0x3e9fff:E, 0x3ea000-0x3eafff:E, 0x3eb000-0x3ebfff:E, 0x3ec000-0x3ecfff:E, 0x3ed000-0x3edfff:E, 0x3ee000-0x3eefff:E, 0x3ef000-0x3effff:E, 0x3f0000-0x3f0fff:E, 0x3f1000-0x3f1fff:E, 0x3f2000-0x3f2fff:E, 0x3f3000-0x3f3fff:E, 0x3f4000-0x3f4fff:E, 0x3f5000-0x3f5fff:E, 0x3f6000-0x3f6fff:E, 0x3f7000-0x3f7fff:E, 0x3f8000-0x3f8fff:E, 0x3f9000-0x3f9fff:E, 0x3fa000-0x3fafff:E, 0x3fb000-0x3fbfff:E, 0x3fc000-0x3fcfff:E, 0x3fd000-0x3fdfff:E, 0x3fe000-0x3fefff:E, 0x3ff000-0x3fffff:E Erase/write done. READ AFTER ERASE: all OK, chip dump contains 0xFF only WRITE: flashrom v1.2 on Linux 5.15.5-arch1-1 (x86_64) flashrom is free software, get the source code at https://flashrom.org flashrom was built with libpci 3.6.4, GCC 9.3.0, little endian Command line (7 args): flashrom -p ch341a_spi -V -c F25L32PA -w test.bin Using clock_gettime for delay loops (clk_id: 1, resolution: 1ns). Initializing ch341a_spi programmer Device revision is 3.0.4 The following protocols are supported: SPI. Probing for ESMT F25L32PA, 4096 kB: probe_spi_rdid_generic: id1 0x8c, id2 0x2016 Found ESMT flash chip "F25L32PA" (4096 kB, SPI) on ch341a_spi. Chip status register is 0x00. Chip status register: Block Protect Write Disable (BPL) is not set Chip status register: Bit 6 is not set Chip status register: Bit 5 is not set Chip status register: Block Protect 2 (BP2) is not set Chip status register: Block Protect 1 (BP1) is not set Chip status register: Block Protect 0 (BP0) is not set Chip status register: Write Enable Latch (WEL) is not set Chip status register: Write In Progress (WIP/BUSY) is not set This chip may contain one-time programmable memory. flashrom cannot read and may never be able to write it, hence it may not be able to completely clone the contents of this chip (see man page for details). === This flash part has status UNTESTED for operations: PROBE READ ERASE WRITE The test status of this chip may have been updated in the latest development version of flashrom. If you are running the latest development version, please email a report to flashrom(a)flashrom.org if any of the above operations work correctly for you with this flash chip. Please include the flashrom log file for all operations you tested (see the man page for details), and mention which mainboard or programmer you tested in the subject line. Thanks for your help! Reading old flash chip contents... done. Erasing and writing flash chip... Trying erase function 0... 0x000000-0x000fff:W, 0x001000-0x001fff:W, 0x002000-0x002fff:W, 0x003000-0x003fff:W, 0x004000-0x004fff:W, 0x005000-0x005fff:W, 0x006000-0x006fff:W, 0x007000-0x007fff:W, 0x008000-0x008fff:W, 0x009000-0x009fff:W, 0x00a000-0x00afff:W, 0x00b000-0x00bfff:W, 0x00c000-0x00cfff:W, 0x00d000-0x00dfff:W, 0x00e000-0x00efff:W, 0x00f000-0x00ffff:W, 0x010000-0x010fff:W, 0x011000-0x011fff:W, 0x012000-0x012fff:W, 0x013000-0x013fff:W, 0x014000-0x014fff:W, 0x015000-0x015fff:W, 0x016000-0x016fff:W, 0x017000-0x017fff:W, 0x018000-0x018fff:W, 0x019000-0x019fff:W, 0x01a000-0x01afff:W, 0x01b000-0x01bfff:W, 0x01c000-0x01cfff:W, 0x01d000-0x01dfff:W, 0x01e000-0x01efff:W, 0x01f000-0x01ffff:W, 0x020000-0x020fff:W, 0x021000-0x021fff:W, 0x022000-0x022fff:W, 0x023000-0x023fff:W, 0x024000-0x024fff:W, 0x025000-0x025fff:W, 0x026000-0x026fff:W, 0x027000-0x027fff:W, 0x028000-0x028fff:W, 0x029000-0x029fff:W, 0x02a000-0x02afff:W, 0x02b000-0x02bfff:W, 0x02c000-0x02cfff:W, 0x02d000-0x02dfff:W, 0x02e000-0x02efff:W, 0x02f000-0x02ffff:W, 0x030000-0x030fff:W, 0x031000-0x031fff:W, 0x032000-0x032fff:W, 0x033000-0x033fff:W, 0x034000-0x034fff:W, 0x035000-0x035fff:W, 0x036000-0x036fff:W, 0x037000-0x037fff:W, 0x038000-0x038fff:W, 0x039000-0x039fff:W, 0x03a000-0x03afff:W, 0x03b000-0x03bfff:W, 0x03c000-0x03cfff:W, 0x03d000-0x03dfff:W, 0x03e000-0x03efff:W, 0x03f000-0x03ffff:W, 0x040000-0x040fff:W, 0x041000-0x041fff:W, 0x042000-0x042fff:W, 0x043000-0x043fff:W, 0x044000-0x044fff:W, 0x045000-0x045fff:W, 0x046000-0x046fff:W, 0x047000-0x047fff:W, 0x048000-0x048fff:W, 0x049000-0x049fff:W, 0x04a000-0x04afff:W, 0x04b000-0x04bfff:W, 0x04c000-0x04cfff:W, 0x04d000-0x04dfff:W, 0x04e000-0x04efff:W, 0x04f000-0x04ffff:W, 0x050000-0x050fff:W, 0x051000-0x051fff:W, 0x052000-0x052fff:W, 0x053000-0x053fff:W, 0x054000-0x054fff:W, 0x055000-0x055fff:W, 0x056000-0x056fff:W, 0x057000-0x057fff:W, 0x058000-0x058fff:W, 0x059000-0x059fff:W, 0x05a000-0x05afff:W, 0x05b000-0x05bfff:W, 0x05c000-0x05cfff:W, 0x05d000-0x05dfff:W, 0x05e000-0x05efff:W, 0x05f000-0x05ffff:W, 0x060000-0x060fff:W, 0x061000-0x061fff:W, 0x062000-0x062fff:W, 0x063000-0x063fff:W, 0x064000-0x064fff:W, 0x065000-0x065fff:W, 0x066000-0x066fff:W, 0x067000-0x067fff:W, 0x068000-0x068fff:W, 0x069000-0x069fff:W, 0x06a000-0x06afff:W, 0x06b000-0x06bfff:W, 0x06c000-0x06cfff:W, 0x06d000-0x06dfff:W, 0x06e000-0x06efff:W, 0x06f000-0x06ffff:W, 0x070000-0x070fff:W, 0x071000-0x071fff:W, 0x072000-0x072fff:W, 0x073000-0x073fff:W, 0x074000-0x074fff:W, 0x075000-0x075fff:W, 0x076000-0x076fff:W, 0x077000-0x077fff:W, 0x078000-0x078fff:W, 0x079000-0x079fff:W, 0x07a000-0x07afff:W, 0x07b000-0x07bfff:W, 0x07c000-0x07cfff:W, 0x07d000-0x07dfff:W, 0x07e000-0x07efff:W, 0x07f000-0x07ffff:W, 0x080000-0x080fff:W, 0x081000-0x081fff:W, 0x082000-0x082fff:W, 0x083000-0x083fff:W, 0x084000-0x084fff:W, 0x085000-0x085fff:W, 0x086000-0x086fff:W, 0x087000-0x087fff:W, 0x088000-0x088fff:W, 0x089000-0x089fff:W, 0x08a000-0x08afff:W, 0x08b000-0x08bfff:W, 0x08c000-0x08cfff:W, 0x08d000-0x08dfff:W, 0x08e000-0x08efff:W, 0x08f000-0x08ffff:W, 0x090000-0x090fff:W, 0x091000-0x091fff:W, 0x092000-0x092fff:W, 0x093000-0x093fff:W, 0x094000-0x094fff:W, 0x095000-0x095fff:W, 0x096000-0x096fff:W, 0x097000-0x097fff:W, 0x098000-0x098fff:W, 0x099000-0x099fff:W, 0x09a000-0x09afff:W, 0x09b000-0x09bfff:W, 0x09c000-0x09cfff:W, 0x09d000-0x09dfff:W, 0x09e000-0x09efff:W, 0x09f000-0x09ffff:W, 0x0a0000-0x0a0fff:W, 0x0a1000-0x0a1fff:W, 0x0a2000-0x0a2fff:W, 0x0a3000-0x0a3fff:W, 0x0a4000-0x0a4fff:W, 0x0a5000-0x0a5fff:W, 0x0a6000-0x0a6fff:W, 0x0a7000-0x0a7fff:W, 0x0a8000-0x0a8fff:W, 0x0a9000-0x0a9fff:W, 0x0aa000-0x0aafff:W, 0x0ab000-0x0abfff:W, 0x0ac000-0x0acfff:W, 0x0ad000-0x0adfff:W, 0x0ae000-0x0aefff:W, 0x0af000-0x0affff:W, 0x0b0000-0x0b0fff:W, 0x0b1000-0x0b1fff:W, 0x0b2000-0x0b2fff:W, 0x0b3000-0x0b3fff:W, 0x0b4000-0x0b4fff:W, 0x0b5000-0x0b5fff:W, 0x0b6000-0x0b6fff:W, 0x0b7000-0x0b7fff:W, 0x0b8000-0x0b8fff:W, 0x0b9000-0x0b9fff:W, 0x0ba000-0x0bafff:W, 0x0bb000-0x0bbfff:W, 0x0bc000-0x0bcfff:W, 0x0bd000-0x0bdfff:W, 0x0be000-0x0befff:W, 0x0bf000-0x0bffff:W, 0x0c0000-0x0c0fff:W, 0x0c1000-0x0c1fff:W, 0x0c2000-0x0c2fff:W, 0x0c3000-0x0c3fff:W, 0x0c4000-0x0c4fff:W, 0x0c5000-0x0c5fff:W, 0x0c6000-0x0c6fff:W, 0x0c7000-0x0c7fff:W, 0x0c8000-0x0c8fff:W, 0x0c9000-0x0c9fff:W, 0x0ca000-0x0cafff:W, 0x0cb000-0x0cbfff:W, 0x0cc000-0x0ccfff:W, 0x0cd000-0x0cdfff:W, 0x0ce000-0x0cefff:W, 0x0cf000-0x0cffff:W, 0x0d0000-0x0d0fff:W, 0x0d1000-0x0d1fff:W, 0x0d2000-0x0d2fff:W, 0x0d3000-0x0d3fff:W, 0x0d4000-0x0d4fff:W, 0x0d5000-0x0d5fff:W, 0x0d6000-0x0d6fff:W, 0x0d7000-0x0d7fff:W, 0x0d8000-0x0d8fff:W, 0x0d9000-0x0d9fff:W, 0x0da000-0x0dafff:W, 0x0db000-0x0dbfff:W, 0x0dc000-0x0dcfff:W, 0x0dd000-0x0ddfff:W, 0x0de000-0x0defff:W, 0x0df000-0x0dffff:W, 0x0e0000-0x0e0fff:W, 0x0e1000-0x0e1fff:W, 0x0e2000-0x0e2fff:W, 0x0e3000-0x0e3fff:W, 0x0e4000-0x0e4fff:W, 0x0e5000-0x0e5fff:W, 0x0e6000-0x0e6fff:W, 0x0e7000-0x0e7fff:W, 0x0e8000-0x0e8fff:W, 0x0e9000-0x0e9fff:W, 0x0ea000-0x0eafff:W, 0x0eb000-0x0ebfff:W, 0x0ec000-0x0ecfff:W, 0x0ed000-0x0edfff:W, 0x0ee000-0x0eefff:W, 0x0ef000-0x0effff:W, 0x0f0000-0x0f0fff:W, 0x0f1000-0x0f1fff:W, 0x0f2000-0x0f2fff:W, 0x0f3000-0x0f3fff:W, 0x0f4000-0x0f4fff:W, 0x0f5000-0x0f5fff:W, 0x0f6000-0x0f6fff:W, 0x0f7000-0x0f7fff:W, 0x0f8000-0x0f8fff:W, 0x0f9000-0x0f9fff:W, 0x0fa000-0x0fafff:W, 0x0fb000-0x0fbfff:W, 0x0fc000-0x0fcfff:W, 0x0fd000-0x0fdfff:W, 0x0fe000-0x0fefff:W, 0x0ff000-0x0fffff:W, 0x100000-0x100fff:W, 0x101000-0x101fff:W, 0x102000-0x102fff:W, 0x103000-0x103fff:W, 0x104000-0x104fff:W, 0x105000-0x105fff:W, 0x106000-0x106fff:W, 0x107000-0x107fff:W, 0x108000-0x108fff:W, 0x109000-0x109fff:W, 0x10a000-0x10afff:W, 0x10b000-0x10bfff:W, 0x10c000-0x10cfff:W, 0x10d000-0x10dfff:W, 0x10e000-0x10efff:W, 0x10f000-0x10ffff:W, 0x110000-0x110fff:W, 0x111000-0x111fff:W, 0x112000-0x112fff:W, 0x113000-0x113fff:W, 0x114000-0x114fff:W, 0x115000-0x115fff:W, 0x116000-0x116fff:W, 0x117000-0x117fff:W, 0x118000-0x118fff:W, 0x119000-0x119fff:W, 0x11a000-0x11afff:W, 0x11b000-0x11bfff:W, 0x11c000-0x11cfff:W, 0x11d000-0x11dfff:W, 0x11e000-0x11efff:W, 0x11f000-0x11ffff:W, 0x120000-0x120fff:W, 0x121000-0x121fff:W, 0x122000-0x122fff:W, 0x123000-0x123fff:W, 0x124000-0x124fff:W, 0x125000-0x125fff:W, 0x126000-0x126fff:W, 0x127000-0x127fff:W, 0x128000-0x128fff:W, 0x129000-0x129fff:W, 0x12a000-0x12afff:W, 0x12b000-0x12bfff:W, 0x12c000-0x12cfff:W, 0x12d000-0x12dfff:W, 0x12e000-0x12efff:W, 0x12f000-0x12ffff:W, 0x130000-0x130fff:W, 0x131000-0x131fff:W, 0x132000-0x132fff:W, 0x133000-0x133fff:W, 0x134000-0x134fff:W, 0x135000-0x135fff:W, 0x136000-0x136fff:W, 0x137000-0x137fff:W, 0x138000-0x138fff:W, 0x139000-0x139fff:W, 0x13a000-0x13afff:W, 0x13b000-0x13bfff:W, 0x13c000-0x13cfff:W, 0x13d000-0x13dfff:W, 0x13e000-0x13efff:W, 0x13f000-0x13ffff:W, 0x140000-0x140fff:W, 0x141000-0x141fff:W, 0x142000-0x142fff:W, 0x143000-0x143fff:W, 0x144000-0x144fff:W, 0x145000-0x145fff:W, 0x146000-0x146fff:W, 0x147000-0x147fff:W, 0x148000-0x148fff:W, 0x149000-0x149fff:W, 0x14a000-0x14afff:W, 0x14b000-0x14bfff:W, 0x14c000-0x14cfff:W, 0x14d000-0x14dfff:W, 0x14e000-0x14efff:W, 0x14f000-0x14ffff:W, 0x150000-0x150fff:W, 0x151000-0x151fff:W, 0x152000-0x152fff:W, 0x153000-0x153fff:W, 0x154000-0x154fff:W, 0x155000-0x155fff:W, 0x156000-0x156fff:W, 0x157000-0x157fff:W, 0x158000-0x158fff:W, 0x159000-0x159fff:W, 0x15a000-0x15afff:W, 0x15b000-0x15bfff:W, 0x15c000-0x15cfff:W, 0x15d000-0x15dfff:W, 0x15e000-0x15efff:W, 0x15f000-0x15ffff:W, 0x160000-0x160fff:W, 0x161000-0x161fff:W, 0x162000-0x162fff:W, 0x163000-0x163fff:W, 0x164000-0x164fff:W, 0x165000-0x165fff:W, 0x166000-0x166fff:W, 0x167000-0x167fff:W, 0x168000-0x168fff:W, 0x169000-0x169fff:W, 0x16a000-0x16afff:W, 0x16b000-0x16bfff:W, 0x16c000-0x16cfff:W, 0x16d000-0x16dfff:W, 0x16e000-0x16efff:W, 0x16f000-0x16ffff:W, 0x170000-0x170fff:W, 0x171000-0x171fff:W, 0x172000-0x172fff:W, 0x173000-0x173fff:W, 0x174000-0x174fff:W, 0x175000-0x175fff:W, 0x176000-0x176fff:W, 0x177000-0x177fff:W, 0x178000-0x178fff:W, 0x179000-0x179fff:W, 0x17a000-0x17afff:W, 0x17b000-0x17bfff:W, 0x17c000-0x17cfff:W, 0x17d000-0x17dfff:W, 0x17e000-0x17efff:W, 0x17f000-0x17ffff:W, 0x180000-0x180fff:W, 0x181000-0x181fff:W, 0x182000-0x182fff:W, 0x183000-0x183fff:W, 0x184000-0x184fff:W, 0x185000-0x185fff:W, 0x186000-0x186fff:W, 0x187000-0x187fff:W, 0x188000-0x188fff:W, 0x189000-0x189fff:W, 0x18a000-0x18afff:W, 0x18b000-0x18bfff:W, 0x18c000-0x18cfff:W, 0x18d000-0x18dfff:W, 0x18e000-0x18efff:W, 0x18f000-0x18ffff:W, 0x190000-0x190fff:W, 0x191000-0x191fff:W, 0x192000-0x192fff:W, 0x193000-0x193fff:W, 0x194000-0x194fff:W, 0x195000-0x195fff:W, 0x196000-0x196fff:W, 0x197000-0x197fff:W, 0x198000-0x198fff:W, 0x199000-0x199fff:W, 0x19a000-0x19afff:W, 0x19b000-0x19bfff:W, 0x19c000-0x19cfff:W, 0x19d000-0x19dfff:W, 0x19e000-0x19efff:W, 0x19f000-0x19ffff:W, 0x1a0000-0x1a0fff:W, 0x1a1000-0x1a1fff:W, 0x1a2000-0x1a2fff:W, 0x1a3000-0x1a3fff:W, 0x1a4000-0x1a4fff:W, 0x1a5000-0x1a5fff:W, 0x1a6000-0x1a6fff:W, 0x1a7000-0x1a7fff:W, 0x1a8000-0x1a8fff:W, 0x1a9000-0x1a9fff:W, 0x1aa000-0x1aafff:W, 0x1ab000-0x1abfff:W, 0x1ac000-0x1acfff:W, 0x1ad000-0x1adfff:W, 0x1ae000-0x1aefff:W, 0x1af000-0x1affff:W, 0x1b0000-0x1b0fff:W, 0x1b1000-0x1b1fff:W, 0x1b2000-0x1b2fff:W, 0x1b3000-0x1b3fff:W, 0x1b4000-0x1b4fff:W, 0x1b5000-0x1b5fff:W, 0x1b6000-0x1b6fff:W, 0x1b7000-0x1b7fff:W, 0x1b8000-0x1b8fff:W, 0x1b9000-0x1b9fff:W, 0x1ba000-0x1bafff:W, 0x1bb000-0x1bbfff:W, 0x1bc000-0x1bcfff:W, 0x1bd000-0x1bdfff:W, 0x1be000-0x1befff:W, 0x1bf000-0x1bffff:W, 0x1c0000-0x1c0fff:W, 0x1c1000-0x1c1fff:W, 0x1c2000-0x1c2fff:W, 0x1c3000-0x1c3fff:W, 0x1c4000-0x1c4fff:W, 0x1c5000-0x1c5fff:W, 0x1c6000-0x1c6fff:W, 0x1c7000-0x1c7fff:W, 0x1c8000-0x1c8fff:W, 0x1c9000-0x1c9fff:W, 0x1ca000-0x1cafff:W, 0x1cb000-0x1cbfff:W, 0x1cc000-0x1ccfff:W, 0x1cd000-0x1cdfff:W, 0x1ce000-0x1cefff:W, 0x1cf000-0x1cffff:W, 0x1d0000-0x1d0fff:W, 0x1d1000-0x1d1fff:W, 0x1d2000-0x1d2fff:W, 0x1d3000-0x1d3fff:W, 0x1d4000-0x1d4fff:W, 0x1d5000-0x1d5fff:W, 0x1d6000-0x1d6fff:W, 0x1d7000-0x1d7fff:W, 0x1d8000-0x1d8fff:W, 0x1d9000-0x1d9fff:W, 0x1da000-0x1dafff:W, 0x1db000-0x1dbfff:W, 0x1dc000-0x1dcfff:W, 0x1dd000-0x1ddfff:W, 0x1de000-0x1defff:W, 0x1df000-0x1dffff:W, 0x1e0000-0x1e0fff:W, 0x1e1000-0x1e1fff:W, 0x1e2000-0x1e2fff:W, 0x1e3000-0x1e3fff:W, 0x1e4000-0x1e4fff:W, 0x1e5000-0x1e5fff:W, 0x1e6000-0x1e6fff:W, 0x1e7000-0x1e7fff:W, 0x1e8000-0x1e8fff:W, 0x1e9000-0x1e9fff:W, 0x1ea000-0x1eafff:W, 0x1eb000-0x1ebfff:W, 0x1ec000-0x1ecfff:W, 0x1ed000-0x1edfff:W, 0x1ee000-0x1eefff:W, 0x1ef000-0x1effff:W, 0x1f0000-0x1f0fff:W, 0x1f1000-0x1f1fff:W, 0x1f2000-0x1f2fff:W, 0x1f3000-0x1f3fff:W, 0x1f4000-0x1f4fff:W, 0x1f5000-0x1f5fff:W, 0x1f6000-0x1f6fff:W, 0x1f7000-0x1f7fff:W, 0x1f8000-0x1f8fff:W, 0x1f9000-0x1f9fff:W, 0x1fa000-0x1fafff:W, 0x1fb000-0x1fbfff:W, 0x1fc000-0x1fcfff:W, 0x1fd000-0x1fdfff:W, 0x1fe000-0x1fefff:W, 0x1ff000-0x1fffff:W, 0x200000-0x200fff:W, 0x201000-0x201fff:W, 0x202000-0x202fff:W, 0x203000-0x203fff:W, 0x204000-0x204fff:W, 0x205000-0x205fff:W, 0x206000-0x206fff:W, 0x207000-0x207fff:W, 0x208000-0x208fff:W, 0x209000-0x209fff:W, 0x20a000-0x20afff:W, 0x20b000-0x20bfff:W, 0x20c000-0x20cfff:W, 0x20d000-0x20dfff:W, 0x20e000-0x20efff:W, 0x20f000-0x20ffff:W, 0x210000-0x210fff:W, 0x211000-0x211fff:W, 0x212000-0x212fff:W, 0x213000-0x213fff:W, 0x214000-0x214fff:W, 0x215000-0x215fff:W, 0x216000-0x216fff:W, 0x217000-0x217fff:W, 0x218000-0x218fff:W, 0x219000-0x219fff:W, 0x21a000-0x21afff:W, 0x21b000-0x21bfff:W, 0x21c000-0x21cfff:W, 0x21d000-0x21dfff:W, 0x21e000-0x21efff:W, 0x21f000-0x21ffff:W, 0x220000-0x220fff:W, 0x221000-0x221fff:W, 0x222000-0x222fff:W, 0x223000-0x223fff:W, 0x224000-0x224fff:W, 0x225000-0x225fff:W, 0x226000-0x226fff:W, 0x227000-0x227fff:W, 0x228000-0x228fff:W, 0x229000-0x229fff:W, 0x22a000-0x22afff:W, 0x22b000-0x22bfff:W, 0x22c000-0x22cfff:W, 0x22d000-0x22dfff:W, 0x22e000-0x22efff:W, 0x22f000-0x22ffff:W, 0x230000-0x230fff:W, 0x231000-0x231fff:W, 0x232000-0x232fff:W, 0x233000-0x233fff:W, 0x234000-0x234fff:W, 0x235000-0x235fff:W, 0x236000-0x236fff:W, 0x237000-0x237fff:W, 0x238000-0x238fff:W, 0x239000-0x239fff:W, 0x23a000-0x23afff:W, 0x23b000-0x23bfff:W, 0x23c000-0x23cfff:W, 0x23d000-0x23dfff:W, 0x23e000-0x23efff:W, 0x23f000-0x23ffff:W, 0x240000-0x240fff:W, 0x241000-0x241fff:W, 0x242000-0x242fff:W, 0x243000-0x243fff:W, 0x244000-0x244fff:W, 0x245000-0x245fff:W, 0x246000-0x246fff:W, 0x247000-0x247fff:W, 0x248000-0x248fff:W, 0x249000-0x249fff:W, 0x24a000-0x24afff:W, 0x24b000-0x24bfff:W, 0x24c000-0x24cfff:W, 0x24d000-0x24dfff:W, 0x24e000-0x24efff:W, 0x24f000-0x24ffff:W, 0x250000-0x250fff:W, 0x251000-0x251fff:W, 0x252000-0x252fff:W, 0x253000-0x253fff:W, 0x254000-0x254fff:W, 0x255000-0x255fff:W, 0x256000-0x256fff:W, 0x257000-0x257fff:W, 0x258000-0x258fff:W, 0x259000-0x259fff:W, 0x25a000-0x25afff:W, 0x25b000-0x25bfff:W, 0x25c000-0x25cfff:W, 0x25d000-0x25dfff:W, 0x25e000-0x25efff:W, 0x25f000-0x25ffff:W, 0x260000-0x260fff:W, 0x261000-0x261fff:W, 0x262000-0x262fff:W, 0x263000-0x263fff:W, 0x264000-0x264fff:W, 0x265000-0x265fff:W, 0x266000-0x266fff:W, 0x267000-0x267fff:W, 0x268000-0x268fff:W, 0x269000-0x269fff:W, 0x26a000-0x26afff:W, 0x26b000-0x26bfff:W, 0x26c000-0x26cfff:W, 0x26d000-0x26dfff:W, 0x26e000-0x26efff:W, 0x26f000-0x26ffff:W, 0x270000-0x270fff:W, 0x271000-0x271fff:W, 0x272000-0x272fff:W, 0x273000-0x273fff:W, 0x274000-0x274fff:W, 0x275000-0x275fff:W, 0x276000-0x276fff:W, 0x277000-0x277fff:W, 0x278000-0x278fff:W, 0x279000-0x279fff:W, 0x27a000-0x27afff:W, 0x27b000-0x27bfff:W, 0x27c000-0x27cfff:W, 0x27d000-0x27dfff:W, 0x27e000-0x27efff:W, 0x27f000-0x27ffff:W, 0x280000-0x280fff:W, 0x281000-0x281fff:W, 0x282000-0x282fff:W, 0x283000-0x283fff:W, 0x284000-0x284fff:W, 0x285000-0x285fff:W, 0x286000-0x286fff:W, 0x287000-0x287fff:W, 0x288000-0x288fff:W, 0x289000-0x289fff:W, 0x28a000-0x28afff:W, 0x28b000-0x28bfff:W, 0x28c000-0x28cfff:W, 0x28d000-0x28dfff:W, 0x28e000-0x28efff:W, 0x28f000-0x28ffff:W, 0x290000-0x290fff:W, 0x291000-0x291fff:W, 0x292000-0x292fff:W, 0x293000-0x293fff:W, 0x294000-0x294fff:W, 0x295000-0x295fff:W, 0x296000-0x296fff:W, 0x297000-0x297fff:W, 0x298000-0x298fff:W, 0x299000-0x299fff:W, 0x29a000-0x29afff:W, 0x29b000-0x29bfff:W, 0x29c000-0x29cfff:W, 0x29d000-0x29dfff:W, 0x29e000-0x29efff:W, 0x29f000-0x29ffff:W, 0x2a0000-0x2a0fff:W, 0x2a1000-0x2a1fff:W, 0x2a2000-0x2a2fff:W, 0x2a3000-0x2a3fff:W, 0x2a4000-0x2a4fff:W, 0x2a5000-0x2a5fff:W, 0x2a6000-0x2a6fff:W, 0x2a7000-0x2a7fff:W, 0x2a8000-0x2a8fff:W, 0x2a9000-0x2a9fff:W, 0x2aa000-0x2aafff:W, 0x2ab000-0x2abfff:W, 0x2ac000-0x2acfff:W, 0x2ad000-0x2adfff:W, 0x2ae000-0x2aefff:W, 0x2af000-0x2affff:W, 0x2b0000-0x2b0fff:W, 0x2b1000-0x2b1fff:W, 0x2b2000-0x2b2fff:W, 0x2b3000-0x2b3fff:W, 0x2b4000-0x2b4fff:W, 0x2b5000-0x2b5fff:W, 0x2b6000-0x2b6fff:W, 0x2b7000-0x2b7fff:W, 0x2b8000-0x2b8fff:W, 0x2b9000-0x2b9fff:W, 0x2ba000-0x2bafff:W, 0x2bb000-0x2bbfff:W, 0x2bc000-0x2bcfff:W, 0x2bd000-0x2bdfff:W, 0x2be000-0x2befff:W, 0x2bf000-0x2bffff:W, 0x2c0000-0x2c0fff:W, 0x2c1000-0x2c1fff:W, 0x2c2000-0x2c2fff:W, 0x2c3000-0x2c3fff:W, 0x2c4000-0x2c4fff:W, 0x2c5000-0x2c5fff:W, 0x2c6000-0x2c6fff:W, 0x2c7000-0x2c7fff:W, 0x2c8000-0x2c8fff:W, 0x2c9000-0x2c9fff:W, 0x2ca000-0x2cafff:W, 0x2cb000-0x2cbfff:W, 0x2cc000-0x2ccfff:W, 0x2cd000-0x2cdfff:W, 0x2ce000-0x2cefff:W, 0x2cf000-0x2cffff:W, 0x2d0000-0x2d0fff:W, 0x2d1000-0x2d1fff:W, 0x2d2000-0x2d2fff:W, 0x2d3000-0x2d3fff:W, 0x2d4000-0x2d4fff:W, 0x2d5000-0x2d5fff:W, 0x2d6000-0x2d6fff:W, 0x2d7000-0x2d7fff:W, 0x2d8000-0x2d8fff:W, 0x2d9000-0x2d9fff:W, 0x2da000-0x2dafff:W, 0x2db000-0x2dbfff:W, 0x2dc000-0x2dcfff:W, 0x2dd000-0x2ddfff:W, 0x2de000-0x2defff:W, 0x2df000-0x2dffff:W, 0x2e0000-0x2e0fff:W, 0x2e1000-0x2e1fff:W, 0x2e2000-0x2e2fff:W, 0x2e3000-0x2e3fff:W, 0x2e4000-0x2e4fff:W, 0x2e5000-0x2e5fff:W, 0x2e6000-0x2e6fff:W, 0x2e7000-0x2e7fff:W, 0x2e8000-0x2e8fff:W, 0x2e9000-0x2e9fff:W, 0x2ea000-0x2eafff:W, 0x2eb000-0x2ebfff:W, 0x2ec000-0x2ecfff:W, 0x2ed000-0x2edfff:W, 0x2ee000-0x2eefff:W, 0x2ef000-0x2effff:W, 0x2f0000-0x2f0fff:W, 0x2f1000-0x2f1fff:W, 0x2f2000-0x2f2fff:W, 0x2f3000-0x2f3fff:W, 0x2f4000-0x2f4fff:W, 0x2f5000-0x2f5fff:W, 0x2f6000-0x2f6fff:W, 0x2f7000-0x2f7fff:W, 0x2f8000-0x2f8fff:W, 0x2f9000-0x2f9fff:W, 0x2fa000-0x2fafff:W, 0x2fb000-0x2fbfff:W, 0x2fc000-0x2fcfff:W, 0x2fd000-0x2fdfff:W, 0x2fe000-0x2fefff:W, 0x2ff000-0x2fffff:W, 0x300000-0x300fff:W, 0x301000-0x301fff:W, 0x302000-0x302fff:W, 0x303000-0x303fff:W, 0x304000-0x304fff:W, 0x305000-0x305fff:W, 0x306000-0x306fff:W, 0x307000-0x307fff:W, 0x308000-0x308fff:W, 0x309000-0x309fff:W, 0x30a000-0x30afff:W, 0x30b000-0x30bfff:W, 0x30c000-0x30cfff:W, 0x30d000-0x30dfff:W, 0x30e000-0x30efff:W, 0x30f000-0x30ffff:W, 0x310000-0x310fff:W, 0x311000-0x311fff:W, 0x312000-0x312fff:W, 0x313000-0x313fff:W, 0x314000-0x314fff:W, 0x315000-0x315fff:W, 0x316000-0x316fff:W, 0x317000-0x317fff:W, 0x318000-0x318fff:W, 0x319000-0x319fff:W, 0x31a000-0x31afff:W, 0x31b000-0x31bfff:W, 0x31c000-0x31cfff:W, 0x31d000-0x31dfff:W, 0x31e000-0x31efff:W, 0x31f000-0x31ffff:W, 0x320000-0x320fff:W, 0x321000-0x321fff:W, 0x322000-0x322fff:W, 0x323000-0x323fff:W, 0x324000-0x324fff:W, 0x325000-0x325fff:W, 0x326000-0x326fff:W, 0x327000-0x327fff:W, 0x328000-0x328fff:W, 0x329000-0x329fff:W, 0x32a000-0x32afff:W, 0x32b000-0x32bfff:W, 0x32c000-0x32cfff:W, 0x32d000-0x32dfff:W, 0x32e000-0x32efff:W, 0x32f000-0x32ffff:W, 0x330000-0x330fff:W, 0x331000-0x331fff:W, 0x332000-0x332fff:W, 0x333000-0x333fff:W, 0x334000-0x334fff:W, 0x335000-0x335fff:W, 0x336000-0x336fff:W, 0x337000-0x337fff:W, 0x338000-0x338fff:W, 0x339000-0x339fff:W, 0x33a000-0x33afff:W, 0x33b000-0x33bfff:W, 0x33c000-0x33cfff:W, 0x33d000-0x33dfff:W, 0x33e000-0x33efff:W, 0x33f000-0x33ffff:W, 0x340000-0x340fff:W, 0x341000-0x341fff:W, 0x342000-0x342fff:W, 0x343000-0x343fff:W, 0x344000-0x344fff:W, 0x345000-0x345fff:W, 0x346000-0x346fff:W, 0x347000-0x347fff:W, 0x348000-0x348fff:W, 0x349000-0x349fff:W, 0x34a000-0x34afff:W, 0x34b000-0x34bfff:W, 0x34c000-0x34cfff:W, 0x34d000-0x34dfff:W, 0x34e000-0x34efff:W, 0x34f000-0x34ffff:W, 0x350000-0x350fff:W, 0x351000-0x351fff:W, 0x352000-0x352fff:W, 0x353000-0x353fff:W, 0x354000-0x354fff:W, 0x355000-0x355fff:W, 0x356000-0x356fff:W, 0x357000-0x357fff:W, 0x358000-0x358fff:W, 0x359000-0x359fff:W, 0x35a000-0x35afff:W, 0x35b000-0x35bfff:W, 0x35c000-0x35cfff:W, 0x35d000-0x35dfff:W, 0x35e000-0x35efff:W, 0x35f000-0x35ffff:W, 0x360000-0x360fff:W, 0x361000-0x361fff:W, 0x362000-0x362fff:W, 0x363000-0x363fff:W, 0x364000-0x364fff:W, 0x365000-0x365fff:W, 0x366000-0x366fff:W, 0x367000-0x367fff:W, 0x368000-0x368fff:W, 0x369000-0x369fff:W, 0x36a000-0x36afff:W, 0x36b000-0x36bfff:W, 0x36c000-0x36cfff:W, 0x36d000-0x36dfff:W, 0x36e000-0x36efff:W, 0x36f000-0x36ffff:W, 0x370000-0x370fff:W, 0x371000-0x371fff:W, 0x372000-0x372fff:W, 0x373000-0x373fff:W, 0x374000-0x374fff:W, 0x375000-0x375fff:W, 0x376000-0x376fff:W, 0x377000-0x377fff:W, 0x378000-0x378fff:W, 0x379000-0x379fff:W, 0x37a000-0x37afff:W, 0x37b000-0x37bfff:W, 0x37c000-0x37cfff:W, 0x37d000-0x37dfff:W, 0x37e000-0x37efff:W, 0x37f000-0x37ffff:W, 0x380000-0x380fff:W, 0x381000-0x381fff:W, 0x382000-0x382fff:W, 0x383000-0x383fff:W, 0x384000-0x384fff:W, 0x385000-0x385fff:W, 0x386000-0x386fff:W, 0x387000-0x387fff:W, 0x388000-0x388fff:W, 0x389000-0x389fff:W, 0x38a000-0x38afff:W, 0x38b000-0x38bfff:W, 0x38c000-0x38cfff:W, 0x38d000-0x38dfff:W, 0x38e000-0x38efff:W, 0x38f000-0x38ffff:W, 0x390000-0x390fff:W, 0x391000-0x391fff:W, 0x392000-0x392fff:W, 0x393000-0x393fff:W, 0x394000-0x394fff:W, 0x395000-0x395fff:W, 0x396000-0x396fff:W, 0x397000-0x397fff:W, 0x398000-0x398fff:W, 0x399000-0x399fff:W, 0x39a000-0x39afff:W, 0x39b000-0x39bfff:W, 0x39c000-0x39cfff:W, 0x39d000-0x39dfff:W, 0x39e000-0x39efff:W, 0x39f000-0x39ffff:W, 0x3a0000-0x3a0fff:W, 0x3a1000-0x3a1fff:W, 0x3a2000-0x3a2fff:W, 0x3a3000-0x3a3fff:W, 0x3a4000-0x3a4fff:W, 0x3a5000-0x3a5fff:W, 0x3a6000-0x3a6fff:W, 0x3a7000-0x3a7fff:W, 0x3a8000-0x3a8fff:W, 0x3a9000-0x3a9fff:W, 0x3aa000-0x3aafff:W, 0x3ab000-0x3abfff:W, 0x3ac000-0x3acfff:W, 0x3ad000-0x3adfff:W, 0x3ae000-0x3aefff:W, 0x3af000-0x3affff:W, 0x3b0000-0x3b0fff:W, 0x3b1000-0x3b1fff:W, 0x3b2000-0x3b2fff:W, 0x3b3000-0x3b3fff:W, 0x3b4000-0x3b4fff:W, 0x3b5000-0x3b5fff:W, 0x3b6000-0x3b6fff:W, 0x3b7000-0x3b7fff:W, 0x3b8000-0x3b8fff:W, 0x3b9000-0x3b9fff:W, 0x3ba000-0x3bafff:W, 0x3bb000-0x3bbfff:W, 0x3bc000-0x3bcfff:W, 0x3bd000-0x3bdfff:W, 0x3be000-0x3befff:W, 0x3bf000-0x3bffff:W, 0x3c0000-0x3c0fff:W, 0x3c1000-0x3c1fff:W, 0x3c2000-0x3c2fff:W, 0x3c3000-0x3c3fff:W, 0x3c4000-0x3c4fff:W, 0x3c5000-0x3c5fff:W, 0x3c6000-0x3c6fff:W, 0x3c7000-0x3c7fff:W, 0x3c8000-0x3c8fff:W, 0x3c9000-0x3c9fff:W, 0x3ca000-0x3cafff:W, 0x3cb000-0x3cbfff:W, 0x3cc000-0x3ccfff:W, 0x3cd000-0x3cdfff:W, 0x3ce000-0x3cefff:W, 0x3cf000-0x3cffff:W, 0x3d0000-0x3d0fff:W, 0x3d1000-0x3d1fff:W, 0x3d2000-0x3d2fff:W, 0x3d3000-0x3d3fff:W, 0x3d4000-0x3d4fff:W, 0x3d5000-0x3d5fff:W, 0x3d6000-0x3d6fff:W, 0x3d7000-0x3d7fff:W, 0x3d8000-0x3d8fff:W, 0x3d9000-0x3d9fff:W, 0x3da000-0x3dafff:W, 0x3db000-0x3dbfff:S, 0x3dc000-0x3dcfff:S, 0x3dd000-0x3ddfff:S, 0x3de000-0x3defff:S, 0x3df000-0x3dffff:S, 0x3e0000-0x3e0fff:S, 0x3e1000-0x3e1fff:S, 0x3e2000-0x3e2fff:S, 0x3e3000-0x3e3fff:S, 0x3e4000-0x3e4fff:S, 0x3e5000-0x3e5fff:S, 0x3e6000-0x3e6fff:S, 0x3e7000-0x3e7fff:S, 0x3e8000-0x3e8fff:S, 0x3e9000-0x3e9fff:S, 0x3ea000-0x3eafff:S, 0x3eb000-0x3ebfff:S, 0x3ec000-0x3ecfff:S, 0x3ed000-0x3edfff:S, 0x3ee000-0x3eefff:S, 0x3ef000-0x3effff:S, 0x3f0000-0x3f0fff:S, 0x3f1000-0x3f1fff:S, 0x3f2000-0x3f2fff:S, 0x3f3000-0x3f3fff:S, 0x3f4000-0x3f4fff:S, 0x3f5000-0x3f5fff:S, 0x3f6000-0x3f6fff:S, 0x3f7000-0x3f7fff:S, 0x3f8000-0x3f8fff:S, 0x3f9000-0x3f9fff:S, 0x3fa000-0x3fafff:S, 0x3fb000-0x3fbfff:S, 0x3fc000-0x3fcfff:S, 0x3fd000-0x3fdfff:S, 0x3fe000-0x3fefff:S, 0x3ff000-0x3fffff:S Erase/write done. Verifying flash... VERIFIED.

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ft2232h evaluation board
by sotiris sigkounas 08 Feb '22

08 Feb '22

chip: GigaDevice GD25B256D (recognized as "GD25Q256D") read/write work fine! agg@vm:~$ flashrom -p ft2232_spi:type=2232H,port=A -r read.bin -V >read.log agg@vm:~$ flashrom -p ft2232_spi:type=2232H,port=A -w outimage.bin -V >write.log

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