[coreboot-gerrit] New patch to review for coreboot: a2aeb44 fmaptool: Introduce the fmd ("flashmap descriptor") language and compiler

Sol Boucher (solb@chromium.org) gerrit at coreboot.org
Wed Apr 22 02:37:34 CEST 2015


Sol Boucher (solb at chromium.org) just uploaded a new patch set to gerrit, which you can find at http://review.coreboot.org/9942

-gerrit

commit a2aeb44c7e0cccbc334f9224e78addc4d687a805
Author: Sol Boucher <solb at chromium.org>
Date:   Thu Feb 26 11:47:19 2015 -0800

    fmaptool: Introduce the fmd ("flashmap descriptor") language and compiler
    
    This adds a compiler for a language whose textual representation of flashmap
    regions will be used to describe the layout of flash chips that contain more
    than just a single CBFS. Direct integration with cbfstool (via a new
    command-line switch for the create action) is forthcoming but will be added
    separately.
    
    BUG=chromium:461875
    TEST=Use Chromium OS's cros_bundle_firmware script on the fmap.dts file for
    panther. Using the latter file as a reference, write a corresponding
    fmap.fmd file and feed it through fmaptool. Run both binary output files
    though the flashmap project's own flashmap_decode utility. Observe only
    the expected differences.
    BRANCH=None
    
    Change-Id: I06b32d138dbef0a4e5ed43c81bd31c796fd5d669
    Signed-off-by: Sol Boucher <solb at chromium.org>
    Original-Commit-Id: 005ab67eb594e21489cf31036aedaea87e0c7142
    Original-Change-Id: Ia08f28688efdbbfc70c255916b8eb7eb0eb07fb2
    Original-Signed-off-by: Sol Boucher <solb at chromium.org>
    Original-Reviewed-on: https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/255031
    Original-Reviewed-by: Julius Werner <jwerner at chromium.org>
    Original-Reviewed-by: Stefan Reinauer <reinauer at chromium.org>
---
 .gitignore                       |    1 +
 Makefile.inc                     |    6 +-
 src/Kconfig                      |   14 +-
 util/cbfstool/Makefile           |   42 +-
 util/cbfstool/Makefile.inc       |   43 +
 util/cbfstool/README.fmaptool    |   67 ++
 util/cbfstool/common.h           |    1 +
 util/cbfstool/flashmap/fmap.c    |  143 +--
 util/cbfstool/flashmap/fmap.h    |   24 +-
 util/cbfstool/flashmap/kv_pair.c |   23 +-
 util/cbfstool/flashmap/kv_pair.h |    2 +-
 util/cbfstool/flashmap/valstr.c  |    1 +
 util/cbfstool/flashmap_tests.c   |   37 +
 util/cbfstool/fmap_from_fmd.c    |   83 ++
 util/cbfstool/fmap_from_fmd.h    |   33 +
 util/cbfstool/fmaptool.c         |  119 +++
 util/cbfstool/fmd.c              |  401 +++++++++
 util/cbfstool/fmd.h              |  143 +++
 util/cbfstool/fmd_parser.c       | 1647 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 util/cbfstool/fmd_parser.h       |  109 +++
 util/cbfstool/fmd_parser.y       |  190 ++++
 util/cbfstool/fmd_scanner.c      | 1852 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 util/cbfstool/fmd_scanner.h      |  333 +++++++
 util/cbfstool/fmd_scanner.l      |   78 ++
 util/cbfstool/option.h           |   29 +
 25 files changed, 5258 insertions(+), 163 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index 678982d..0398b15 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -60,6 +60,7 @@ util/*/.dependencies
 util/*/.test
 util/board_status/board-status
 util/cbfstool/cbfstool
+util/cbfstool/fmaptool
 util/cbfstool/rmodtool
 util/cbmem/.dependencies
 util/cbmem/cbmem
diff --git a/Makefile.inc b/Makefile.inc
index 9ef29d6..da15c0a 100644
--- a/Makefile.inc
+++ b/Makefile.inc
@@ -273,11 +273,15 @@ build-dirs:
 #######################################################################
 # Build the tools
 CBFSTOOL:=$(objutil)/cbfstool/cbfstool
+FMAPTOOL:=$(objutil)/cbfstool/fmaptool
 RMODTOOL:=$(objutil)/cbfstool/rmodtool
 
 $(obj)/cbfstool: $(CBFSTOOL)
 	cp $< $@
 
+$(obj)/fmaptool: $(FMAPTOOL)
+	cp $< $@
+
 $(obj)/rmodtool: $(RMODTOOL)
 	cp $< $@
 
@@ -528,7 +532,7 @@ prebuild-files = \
 	       $(cbfs-add-cmd) $(if $(call extract_nth,5,$(file)),-b $(call extract_nth,5,$(file))) &&))
 prebuilt-files = $(foreach file,$(cbfs-files), $(call extract_nth,1,$(file)))
 
-$(obj)/coreboot.pre1: $(objcbfs)/bootblock.bin $$(prebuilt-files) $(CBFSTOOL) $$(cpu_ucode_cbfs_file)
+$(obj)/coreboot.pre1: $(objcbfs)/bootblock.bin $$(prebuilt-files) $(FMAPTOOL) $(CBFSTOOL) $$(cpu_ucode_cbfs_file)
 	$(CBFSTOOL) $@.tmp create \
 	-B $(objcbfs)/bootblock.bin -a 64 \
 	$(CBFSTOOL_PRE1_OPTS)
diff --git a/src/Kconfig b/src/Kconfig
index 2663f50..45fe183 100644
--- a/src/Kconfig
+++ b/src/Kconfig
@@ -108,15 +108,25 @@ config CCACHE
 
 	  For details see https://ccache.samba.org.
 
+config FMD_GENPARSER
+	bool "Generate flashmap descriptor parser using flex and bison"
+	default n
+	depends on EXPERT
+	help
+	  Enable this option if you are working on the flashmap descriptor
+	  parser and made changes to fmd_scanner.l or fmd_parser.y.
+
+	  Otherwise, say N to use the provided pregenerated scanner/parser.
+
 config SCONFIG_GENPARSER
 	bool "Generate SCONFIG parser using flex and bison"
 	default n
 	depends on EXPERT
 	help
 	  Enable this option if you are working on the sconfig device tree
-	  parser and made changes to sconfig.l and sconfig.y.
+	  parser and made changes to sconfig.l or sconfig.y.
 
-	  Otherwise, say N.
+	  Otherwise, say N to use the provided pregenerated scanner/parser.
 
 config USE_OPTION_TABLE
 	bool "Use CMOS for configuration values"
diff --git a/util/cbfstool/Makefile b/util/cbfstool/Makefile
index 258fba3..cb0b3d8 100644
--- a/util/cbfstool/Makefile
+++ b/util/cbfstool/Makefile
@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@ CFLAGS += -std=c99 -Werror -Wall -Wextra
 CFLAGS += -Wcast-qual -Wmissing-prototypes -Wredundant-decls -Wshadow
 CFLAGS += -Wstrict-prototypes -Wwrite-strings
 CPPFLAGS += -D_POSIX_C_SOURCE=200809L # strdup() from string.h
+CPPFLAGS += -D_SVID_SOURCE # memccpy() from string.h
+CPPFLAGS += -Iflashmap
 LINKFLAGS += -g3
 
 CBFSTOOL_BINARY:=$(obj)/cbfstool
@@ -19,14 +21,28 @@ CBFSTOOL_COMMON+=lzma/C/LzFind.o  lzma/C/LzmaDec.o  lzma/C/LzmaEnc.o
 
 CBFSTOOL_COMMON:=$(addprefix $(obj)/,$(CBFSTOOL_COMMON))
 
+FMAPTOOL_BINARY:=$(obj)/fmaptool
+FMAPTOOL_COMMON:=fmap_from_fmd.o fmd.o fmd_parser.o fmd_scanner.o
+# FMAP
+FMAPTOOL_COMMON+=flashmap/fmap.o
+FMAPTOOL_COMMON+=flashmap/kv_pair.o flashmap/valstr.o
+
+FMAPTOOL_COMMON:=$(addprefix $(obj)/,$(FMAPTOOL_COMMON))
 
 RMODTOOL_BINARY:=$(obj)/rmodtool
 RMODTOOL_COMMON:=rmodule.o common.o elfheaders.o xdr.o
 
 RMODTOOL_COMMON:=$(addprefix $(obj)/,$(RMODTOOL_COMMON))
 
+FMAPTESTS_BINARY:=$(obj)/flashmap_tests
+FMAPTESTS_COMMON:=flashmap/fmap.o flashmap/valstr.o flashmap/kv_pair.o
+
+FMAPTESTS_COMMON:=$(addprefix $(obj)/,$(FMAPTESTS_COMMON))
+
+GENERATED:=fmd_parser.c fmd_parser.h fmd_scanner.c fmd_scanner.h
+
 .PHONY: all
-all: .dependencies $(CBFSTOOL_BINARY) $(RMODTOOL_BINARY)
+all: .dependencies $(CBFSTOOL_BINARY) $(FMAPTOOL_BINARY) $(RMODTOOL_BINARY)
 
 $(obj)/%: $(obj)/%.o
 	mkdir -p $(dir $@)
@@ -34,27 +50,47 @@ $(obj)/%: $(obj)/%.o
 $(obj)/%.o: %.c
 	mkdir -p $(dir $@)
 	$(HOSTCC) $(CPPFLAGS) $(CFLAGS) -c -o $@ $<
+%.c %.h: %.l
+	$(LEX) $(LFLAGS) -t --header-file=$*.h $< >$*.c
+%.c %.h: %.y
+	$(YACC) $(YFLAGS) -d $<
+	mv -f y.tab.c $*.c
+	mv -f y.tab.h $*.h
 
 .PHONY: clean
 clean:
 	$(RM) $(CBFSTOOL_COMMON) $(CBFSTOOL_BINARY).o $(CBFSTOOL_BINARY)
+	$(RM) $(FMAPTOOL_COMMON) $(FMAPTOOL_BINARY).o $(FMAPTOOL_BINARY)
 	$(RM) $(RMODTOOL_COMMON) $(RMODTOOL_BINARY).o $(RMODTOOL_BINARY)
+	$(RM) $(FMAPTESTS_COMMON) $(FMAPTESTS_BINARY).o $(FMAPTESTS_BINARY)
 .PHONY: distclean
 distclean: clean
 	$(RM) .dependencies
+.PHONY: maintainer-clean
+maintainer-clean: distclean
+	$(RM) $(GENERATED)
 
-tags:
+tags: $(GENERATED)
 	ctags *.[ch]
 
-.dependencies:
+.dependencies: $(GENERATED)
 	@$(HOSTCC) $(CPPFLAGS) $(CFLAGS) -MM -MG *.c > $@
+	@$(HOSTCC) $(CPPFLAGS) $(CFLAGS) -MM flashmap/*.c >> $@
 	@$(HOSTCC) $(CPPFLAGS) $(CFLAGS) -MM lzma/*.c >> $@
 	@$(HOSTCC) $(CPPFLAGS) $(CFLAGS) -MM lzma/C/*.c >> $@
 	@sed -i 's|.*:.*|$$(obj)/&|' $@
 
 $(CBFSTOOL_BINARY): $(CBFSTOOL_COMMON)
+$(FMAPTOOL_BINARY): $(FMAPTOOL_COMMON)
 $(RMODTOOL_BINARY): $(RMODTOOL_COMMON)
 
+# This target must be built manually
+$(FMAPTESTS_BINARY): $(FMAPTESTS_COMMON)
+
+# Yacc source is superset of header
+$(obj)/fmd_parser.o: CFLAGS += -Wno-redundant-decls
+# Lex generates unneeded functions
+$(obj)/fmd_scanner.o: CFLAGS += -Wno-unused-function
 # Tolerate lzma sdk warnings
 $(obj)/lzma/C/LzmaEnc.o: CFLAGS += -Wno-sign-compare -Wno-cast-qual
 
diff --git a/util/cbfstool/Makefile.inc b/util/cbfstool/Makefile.inc
index 29a1232..70c9be5 100644
--- a/util/cbfstool/Makefile.inc
+++ b/util/cbfstool/Makefile.inc
@@ -17,6 +17,17 @@ cbfsobj += LzmaEnc.o
 cbfsobj += linux_trampoline.o
 cbfsobj += cbfs-payload-linux.o
 
+fmapobj :=
+fmapobj += fmaptool.o
+fmapobj += fmap_from_fmd.o
+fmapobj += fmd.o
+fmapobj += fmd_parser.o
+fmapobj += fmd_scanner.o
+# FMAP
+fmapobj += fmap.o
+fmapobj += kv_pair.o
+fmapobj += valstr.o
+
 rmodobj :=
 rmodobj += rmodtool.o
 rmodobj += rmodule.o
@@ -28,6 +39,8 @@ TOOLCFLAGS := -std=c99 -Werror -Wall -Wextra
 TOOLCFLAGS += -Wcast-qual -Wmissing-prototypes -Wredundant-decls -Wshadow
 TOOLCFLAGS += -Wstrict-prototypes -Wwrite-strings
 TOOLCPPFLAGS := -D_POSIX_C_SOURCE=200809L # strdup() from string.h
+TOOLCPPFLAGS += -D_SVID_SOURCE # memccpy() from string.h
+TOOLCPPFLAGS += -I$(top)/util/cbfstool/flashmap
 TOOLLINKFLAGS :=
 
 ifeq ($(shell uname -s | cut -c-7 2>/dev/null), MINGW32)
@@ -38,6 +51,10 @@ $(objutil)/cbfstool/%.o: $(top)/util/cbfstool/%.c
 	printf "    HOSTCC     $(subst $(objutil)/,,$(@))\n"
 	$(HOSTCC) $(TOOLCPPFLAGS) $(TOOLCFLAGS) $(HOSTCFLAGS) -c -o $@ $<
 
+$(objutil)/cbfstool/%.o: $(top)/util/cbfstool/flashmap/%.c
+	printf "    HOSTCC     $(subst $(objutil)/,,$(@))\n"
+	$(HOSTCC) $(TOOLCPPFLAGS) $(TOOLCFLAGS) $(HOSTCFLAGS) -c -o $@ $<
+
 $(objutil)/cbfstool/%.o: $(top)/util/cbfstool/lzma/%.c
 	printf "    HOSTCC     $(subst $(objutil)/,,$(@))\n"
 	$(HOSTCC) $(TOOLCPPFLAGS) $(TOOLCFLAGS) $(HOSTCFLAGS) -c -o $@ $<
@@ -50,9 +67,35 @@ $(objutil)/cbfstool/cbfstool: $(addprefix $(objutil)/cbfstool/,$(cbfsobj))
 	printf "    HOSTCC     $(subst $(objutil)/,,$(@)) (link)\n"
 	$(HOSTCC) $(TOOLLINKFLAGS) -o $@ $(addprefix $(objutil)/cbfstool/,$(cbfsobj))
 
+$(objutil)/cbfstool/fmaptool: $(addprefix $(objutil)/cbfstool/,$(fmapobj))
+	printf "    HOSTCC     $(subst $(objutil)/,,$(@)) (link)\n"
+	$(HOSTCC) $(TOOLLINKFLAGS) -o $@ $(addprefix $(objutil)/cbfstool/,$(fmapobj))
+
 $(objutil)/cbfstool/rmodtool: $(addprefix $(objutil)/cbfstool/,$(rmodobj))
 	printf "    HOSTCC     $(subst $(objutil)/,,$(@)) (link)\n"
 	$(HOSTCC) $(TOOLLINKFLAGS) -o $@ $(addprefix $(objutil)/cbfstool/,$(rmodobj))
 
+# Yacc source is superset of header
+$(objutil)/cbfstool/fmd_parser.o: TOOLCFLAGS += -Wno-redundant-decls
+# Lex generates unneeded functions
+$(objutil)/cbfstool/fmd_scanner.o: TOOLCFLAGS += -Wno-unused-function
 # Tolerate lzma sdk warnings
 $(objutil)/cbfstool/LzmaEnc.o: TOOLCFLAGS += -Wno-sign-compare -Wno-cast-qual
+
+ifeq ($(CONFIG_FMD_GENPARSER),y)
+TOOLLEX := lex
+TOOLYACC := yacc
+
+$(objutil)/cbfstool/fmd.o: $(top)/util/cbfstool/fmd_parser.c
+$(objutil)/cbfstool/fmd.o: $(top)/util/cbfstool/fmd_scanner.c
+$(objutil)/cbfstool/fmd_parser.o: $(objutil)/cbfstool/fmd.o
+$(objutil)/cbfstool/fmd_scanner.o: $(objutil)/cbfstool/fmd.o
+$(top)/util/cbfstool/fmd_scanner.c $(top)/util/cbfstool/fmd_scanner.h: $(top)/util/cbfstool/fmd_scanner.l
+	echo "    LEX        util/cbfstool/fmd_scanner.[ch]"
+	$(TOOLLEX) -t --header-file=$(top)/util/cbfstool/fmd_scanner.h $< >$(top)/util/cbfstool/fmd_scanner.c
+$(top)/util/cbfstool/fmd_parser.c $(top)/util/cbfstool/fmd_parser.h: $(top)/util/cbfstool/fmd_parser.y
+	echo "    YACC       util/cbfstool/fmd_parser.[ch]"
+	$(TOOLYACC) -d $<
+	mv -f y.tab.c $(top)/util/cbfstool/fmd_parser.c
+	mv -f y.tab.h $(top)/util/cbfstool/fmd_parser.h
+endif
diff --git a/util/cbfstool/README.fmaptool b/util/cbfstool/README.fmaptool
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f806c43
--- /dev/null
+++ b/util/cbfstool/README.fmaptool
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+Flashmap descriptors in coreboot
+================================
+Flashmap (https://code.google.com/p/flashmap) is a binary format for representing the layout of
+flash chips. Since coreboot is starting to use a "partition" of this format to describe the flash
+chip layout---both at runtime and when flashing a new image onto a chip---, the project needed a
+reasonably expressive plaintext format for representing such sections in the source tree. Our
+solution is the fmd ("flashmap descriptor") language, and the files in this directory contain a
+scanner, parser, semantic analyser, and flashmap converter. Here's an informal language description:
+
+# <line comment>
+<image name>[@<memory-mapped address>] <image size> {
+	<section name>[@<offset from start of image>] [<section size>] [{
+		<subsection name>[@<offset from start of parent section>] [<subsection size>] [{
+			# Sections can be nested as deeply as desired
+			<subsubsection name>[(CBFS)][@...] [...] [{...}]
+		}]
+		[<subsection name>[(CBFS)][@...] [...] [{...}]]
+		# There can be many subsections at each level of nesting: they will be inserted
+		# sequentially, and although gaps are allowed, any provided offsets are always
+		# relative to the closest parent node's and must be strictly increasing with neither
+		# overlapping nor degenerate-size sections.
+	}]
+}
+
+Note that the above example contains a few symbols that are actually metasyntax, and therefore have
+neither meaning nor place in a real file. The <.*> s indicate placeholders for parameters:
+ - The names are strings, which are provided as single-word---no whitespace---groups of
+   syntactically unimportant symbols (i.e. everything except @, {, and }): they are not surrounded
+   by quotes or any other form of delimiter.
+ - The other fields are nonnegative integers, which may be given as decimal or hexadecimal; in
+   either case, a K, M, or G may be appended---without intermediate whitespace---as a multiplier.
+ - Comments consist of anything one manages to enter, provided it doesn't start a new line.
+The [.*] s indicate that a portion of the file could be omitted altogether:
+ - Just because something is noted as optional doesn't mean it is in every case: the answer might
+   actually depend on which other information is---or isn't---provided.
+ - In particular, it is only legal to place a (CBFS) annotation on a leaf section; that is, choosing
+   to add child sections excludes the possibility of putting a CBFS in their parent. Such
+   annotations are only used to decide where CBFS empty file headers should be created, and do not
+   result in the storage of any additional metadata in the resulting FMAP section.
+Additionally, it's important to note these properties of the overall file and its values:
+ - Other than within would-be strings and numbers, whitespace is ignored. It goes without saying
+   that such power comes with responsibility, which is why this sentence is here.
+ - Although the .*section names must be globally unique, one of them may---but is not required to---
+   match the image name.
+ - It is a syntax error to supply a number---besides 0---that begins with the character 0, as there
+   is no intention of adding octals to the mix.
+ - The image's memory address should be present on---and only on---layouts for memory-mapped chips.
+ - Although it may be evident from above, all .*section offsets are relative only to the immediate
+   parent. There is no way to include an absolute offset (i.e. from the beginning of flash), which
+   means that it is "safe" to reorder the .*section s within a particular level of nesting, as long
+   as the change doesn't cause their positions and sizes to necessitate overlap or zero sizes.
+ - A .*section with omitted offset is assumed to start at as low a position as possible---with no
+   consideration of alignment---and one with omitted size is assumed to fill the remaining space
+   until the next sibling or before the end of its parent.
+ - It's fine to omit any .*section 's offset, size, or both, provided its position and size are
+   still unambiguous in the context of its *sibling* sections and its parent's *size*. In
+   particular, knowledge of one .*section 's children or the .*section s' common parent's siblings
+   will not be used for this purpose.
+ - Although .*section s are not required to have children, the flash chip as a whole must have at
+   least one.
+ - Though the braces after .*section s may be omitted for those that have no children, if they are
+   present, they must contain at least one child.
+
+PL people and sympathizers may wish to examine the formal abstract syntax and context-free grammar,
+which are located in fmd_scanner.l and fmd_scanner.y, respectively. Those interested in the
+algorithm used to infer omitted values will feel at home in fmd.c, particularly near the definition
+of validate_and_complete_info().
diff --git a/util/cbfstool/common.h b/util/cbfstool/common.h
index 80d5789..f364ea1 100644
--- a/util/cbfstool/common.h
+++ b/util/cbfstool/common.h
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 #ifndef __CBFSTOOL_COMMON_H
 #define __CBFSTOOL_COMMON_H
 
+#include <stddef.h>
 #include <stdint.h>
 #include <assert.h>
 
diff --git a/util/cbfstool/flashmap/fmap.c b/util/cbfstool/flashmap/fmap.c
index 8850a92..bb18ceb 100644
--- a/util/cbfstool/flashmap/fmap.c
+++ b/util/cbfstool/flashmap/fmap.c
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* Copyright 2010, Google Inc.
+/* Copyright 2015, Google Inc.
  * All rights reserved.
  *
  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
@@ -49,7 +49,6 @@
 #include <valstr.h>
 
 #include "kv_pair.h"
-#include "mincrypt/sha.h"
 
 #define ARRAY_SIZE(arr) (sizeof(arr) / sizeof((arr)[0]))
 
@@ -60,7 +59,7 @@ const struct valstr flag_lut[] = {
 };
 
 /* returns size of fmap data structure if successful, <0 to indicate error */
-int fmap_size(struct fmap *fmap)
+int fmap_size(const struct fmap *fmap)
 {
 	if (!fmap)
 		return -1;
@@ -71,7 +70,7 @@ int fmap_size(struct fmap *fmap)
 /* brute force linear search */
 static long int fmap_lsearch(const uint8_t *image, size_t len)
 {
-	long int offset;
+	unsigned long int offset;
 	int fmap_found = 0;
 
 	for (offset = 0; offset < len - strlen(FMAP_SIGNATURE); offset++) {
@@ -86,7 +85,7 @@ static long int fmap_lsearch(const uint8_t *image, size_t len)
 	if (!fmap_found)
 		return -1;
 
-	if (offset + fmap_size((struct fmap *)&image[offset]) > len)
+	if (offset + fmap_size((const struct fmap *)&image[offset]) > len)
 		return -1;
 
 	return offset;
@@ -95,7 +94,7 @@ static long int fmap_lsearch(const uint8_t *image, size_t len)
 /* if image length is a power of 2, use binary search */
 static long int fmap_bsearch(const uint8_t *image, size_t len)
 {
-	long int offset = -1;
+	unsigned long int offset = -1;
 	int fmap_found = 0, stride;
 
 	/*
@@ -125,7 +124,7 @@ static long int fmap_bsearch(const uint8_t *image, size_t len)
 	if (!fmap_found)
 		return -1;
 
-	if (offset + fmap_size((struct fmap *)&image[offset]) > len)
+	if (offset + fmap_size((const struct fmap *)&image[offset]) > len)
 		return -1;
 
 	return offset;
@@ -183,86 +182,42 @@ int fmap_print(const struct fmap *fmap)
 	kv_pair_free(kv);
 
 	for (i = 0; i < fmap->nareas; i++) {
-		struct kv_pair *kv;
+		struct kv_pair *pair;
 		uint16_t flags;
 		char *str;
 
-		kv = kv_pair_new();
-		if (!kv)
+		pair = kv_pair_new();
+		if (!pair)
 			return -1;
 
-		kv_pair_fmt(kv, "area_offset", "0x%08x",
+		kv_pair_fmt(pair, "area_offset", "0x%08x",
 				fmap->areas[i].offset);
-		kv_pair_fmt(kv, "area_size", "0x%08x",
+		kv_pair_fmt(pair, "area_size", "0x%08x",
 				fmap->areas[i].size);
-		kv_pair_fmt(kv, "area_name", "%s",
+		kv_pair_fmt(pair, "area_name", "%s",
 				fmap->areas[i].name);
-		kv_pair_fmt(kv, "area_flags_raw", "0x%02x",
+		kv_pair_fmt(pair, "area_flags_raw", "0x%02x",
 				fmap->areas[i].flags);
 
 		/* Print descriptive strings for flags rather than the field */
 		flags = fmap->areas[i].flags;
 		if ((str = fmap_flags_to_string(flags)) == NULL)
 			return -1;
-		kv_pair_fmt(kv, "area_flags", "%s", str );
+		kv_pair_fmt(pair, "area_flags", "%s", str);
 		free(str);
 
-		kv_pair_print(kv);
-		kv_pair_free(kv);
+		kv_pair_print(pair);
+		kv_pair_free(pair);
 	}
 
 	return 0;
 }
 
-/* get SHA1 sum of all static regions described by the flashmap and copy into
-   *digest (which will be allocated and must be freed by the caller),  */
-int fmap_get_csum(const uint8_t *image, unsigned int image_len, uint8_t **digest)
-{
-	int i;
-	struct fmap *fmap;
-	int fmap_offset;
-	SHA_CTX ctx;
-
-	if ((image == NULL))
-		return -1;
-
-	if ((fmap_offset = fmap_find(image, image_len)) < 0)
-		return -1;
-	fmap = (struct fmap *)(image + fmap_offset);
-
-	SHA_init(&ctx);
-
-	/* Iterate through flash map and calculate the checksum piece-wise. */
-	for (i = 0; i < fmap->nareas; i++) {
-		/* skip non-static areas */
-		if (!(fmap->areas[i].flags & FMAP_AREA_STATIC))
-			continue;
-
-		/* sanity check the offset */
-		if (fmap->areas[i].size + fmap->areas[i].offset > image_len) {
-			fprintf(stderr,
-			        "(%s) invalid parameter detected in area %d\n",
-			        __func__, i);
-			return -1;
-		}
-
-		SHA_update(&ctx,
-		           image + fmap->areas[i].offset,
-		           fmap->areas[i].size);
-	}
-
-	SHA_final(&ctx);
-	*digest = malloc(SHA_DIGEST_SIZE);
-	memcpy(*digest, ctx.buf, SHA_DIGEST_SIZE);
-
-	return SHA_DIGEST_SIZE;
-}
-
 /* convert raw flags field to user-friendly string */
 char *fmap_flags_to_string(uint16_t flags)
 {
 	char *str = NULL;
-	int i, total_size;
+	unsigned int i, total_size;
 
 	str = malloc(1);
 	str[0] = '\0';
@@ -278,7 +233,7 @@ char *fmap_flags_to_string(uint16_t flags)
 			total_size += strlen(tmp);
 			str = realloc(str, total_size);
 			strcat(str, tmp);
-			
+
 			flags &= ~(1 << i);
 			if (flags) {
 				total_size++;
@@ -302,8 +257,8 @@ struct fmap *fmap_create(uint64_t base, uint32_t size, uint8_t *name)
 
 	memset(fmap, 0, sizeof(*fmap));
 	memcpy(&fmap->signature, FMAP_SIGNATURE, strlen(FMAP_SIGNATURE));
-	fmap->ver_major = VERSION_MAJOR;
-	fmap->ver_minor = VERSION_MINOR;
+	fmap->ver_major = FMAP_VER_MAJOR;
+	fmap->ver_minor = FMAP_VER_MINOR;
 	fmap->base = base;
 	fmap->size = size;
 	memccpy(&fmap->name, name, '\0', FMAP_STRLEN);
@@ -390,8 +345,8 @@ static struct fmap *fmap_create_test(void)
 		goto fmap_create_test_exit;
 	}
 
-	if ((fmap->ver_major != VERSION_MAJOR) ||
-	    (fmap->ver_minor != VERSION_MINOR)) {
+	if ((fmap->ver_major != FMAP_VER_MAJOR) ||
+	    (fmap->ver_minor != FMAP_VER_MINOR)) {
 		printf("FAILURE: version is incorrect\n");
 		goto fmap_create_test_exit;
 	}
@@ -431,44 +386,7 @@ static int fmap_print_test(struct fmap *fmap)
 	return fmap_print(fmap);
 }
 
-static int fmap_get_csum_test(struct fmap *fmap)
-{
-	uint8_t *digest = NULL, *image = NULL;
-	/* assume 0x100-0x10100 is marked "static" and is filled with 0x00 */
-	int image_size = 0x20000;
-	uint8_t csum[SHA_DIGEST_SIZE] = {
-		0x1a, 0xdc, 0x95, 0xbe, 0xbe, 0x9e, 0xea, 0x8c,
-		0x11, 0x2d, 0x40, 0xcd, 0x04, 0xab, 0x7a, 0x8d,
-		0x75, 0xc4, 0xf9, 0x61 };
-
-	status = fail;
-
-	if ((fmap_get_csum(NULL, image_size, &digest) >= 0) ||
-	    (fmap_get_csum(image, image_size, NULL) >= 0)) {
-		printf("failed to abort on NULL pointer input\n");
-		goto fmap_get_csum_test_exit;
-	}
-
-	image = calloc(image_size, 1);
-	memcpy(image, fmap, fmap_size(fmap));
-
-	if (fmap_get_csum(image, image_size, &digest) != SHA_DIGEST_SIZE) {
-		printf("FAILURE: failed to calculate checksum\n");
-		goto fmap_get_csum_test_exit;
-	}
-	if (memcmp(digest, csum, SHA_DIGEST_SIZE)) {
-		printf("FAILURE: checksum is incorrect\n");
-		goto fmap_get_csum_test_exit;
-	}
-
-	status = pass;
-fmap_get_csum_test_exit:
-	free(image);
-	free(digest);
-	return status;
-}
-
-static int fmap_size_test(struct fmap *fmap)
+static int fmap_size_test(void)
 {
 	status = fail;
 
@@ -553,10 +471,10 @@ fmap_find_area_test_exit:
 	return status;
 }
 
-static int fmap_flags_to_string_test()
+static int fmap_flags_to_string_test(void)
 {
 	char *str, *my_str;
-	int i;
+	unsigned int i;
 	uint16_t flags;
 
 	status = fail;
@@ -646,11 +564,11 @@ static int fmap_find_test(struct fmap *fmap)
 	offset = (total_size / 2) + 1;
 	memcpy(&buf[offset], fmap, fmap_size(fmap));
 
-	if (fmap_find(buf, total_size - 1) != offset) {
+	if ((unsigned)fmap_find(buf, total_size - 1) != offset) {
 		printf("FAILURE: lsearch failed to find fmap\n");
 		goto fmap_find_test_exit;
 	}
-	if (fmap_find(buf, total_size) != offset) {
+	if ((unsigned)fmap_find(buf, total_size) != offset) {
 		printf("FAILURE: bsearch failed to find fmap\n");
 		goto fmap_find_test_exit;
 	}
@@ -659,7 +577,7 @@ static int fmap_find_test(struct fmap *fmap)
 	offset = 0;
 	memset(buf, 0, total_size);
 	memcpy(buf, fmap, fmap_size(fmap));
-	if (fmap_find(buf, total_size) != offset) {
+	if ((unsigned)fmap_find(buf, total_size) != offset) {
 		printf("FAILURE: bsearch failed to find fmap at offset 0\n");
 		goto fmap_find_test_exit;
 	}
@@ -684,7 +602,7 @@ fmap_find_test_exit:
 	return status;
 }
 
-int fmap_test()
+int fmap_test(void)
 {
 	int rc = EXIT_SUCCESS;
 	struct fmap *my_fmap;
@@ -713,8 +631,7 @@ int fmap_test()
 	}
 
 	rc |= fmap_find_area_test(my_fmap);
-	rc |= fmap_get_csum_test(my_fmap);
-	rc |= fmap_size_test(my_fmap);
+	rc |= fmap_size_test();
 	rc |= fmap_flags_to_string_test();
 	rc |= fmap_print_test(my_fmap);
 
diff --git a/util/cbfstool/flashmap/fmap.h b/util/cbfstool/flashmap/fmap.h
index 9cea22d..bfc9253 100644
--- a/util/cbfstool/flashmap/fmap.h
+++ b/util/cbfstool/flashmap/fmap.h
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2010, Google Inc.
+ * Copyright 2015, Google Inc.
  * All rights reserved.
  *
  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
@@ -97,24 +97,6 @@ extern long int fmap_find(const uint8_t *image, unsigned int len);
 extern int fmap_print(const struct fmap *map);
 
 /*
- * fmap_get_csum - get the checksum of static regions of an image
- *
- * @image:	image to checksum
- * @len:	length of image
- * @digest:	double-pointer to store location of first byte of digest
- *
- * fmap_get_csum() will reset, write, and finalize the digest.
- * The location of the final digest will start at the location pointed to
- * by digest, which will be allocated and must be freed by the caller.
- *
- * returns digest length if successful
- * returns <0 to indicate error
- */
-extern int fmap_get_csum(const uint8_t *image,
-                         unsigned int image_len, uint8_t **digest);
-
-
-/*
  * fmap_flags_to_string - convert raw flags field into user-friendly string
  *
  * @flags:	raw flags
@@ -157,7 +139,7 @@ extern void fmap_destroy(struct fmap *fmap);
  * returns size of fmap structure if successful
  * returns <0 to indicate failure
  */
-extern int fmap_size(struct fmap *fmap);
+extern int fmap_size(const struct fmap *fmap);
 
 /*
  * fmap_append_area - realloc an existing flashmap and append an area
@@ -187,6 +169,6 @@ extern int fmap_append_area(struct fmap **fmap,
 extern struct fmap_area *fmap_find_area(struct fmap *fmap, const char *name);
 
 /* unit testing stuff */
-extern int fmap_test();
+extern int fmap_test(void);
 
 #endif	/* FLASHMAP_LIB_FMAP_H__*/
diff --git a/util/cbfstool/flashmap/kv_pair.c b/util/cbfstool/flashmap/kv_pair.c
index 2572c64..c5903b6 100644
--- a/util/cbfstool/flashmap/kv_pair.c
+++ b/util/cbfstool/flashmap/kv_pair.c
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ void kv_pair_set_style(enum kv_pair_style style)
 	_style = style;
 }
 
-enum kv_pair_style kv_pair_get_style()
+enum kv_pair_style kv_pair_get_style(void)
 {
 	return _style;
 }
@@ -63,18 +63,6 @@ struct kv_pair *kv_pair_new(void)
 	return kv;
 }
 
-struct kv_pair **kv_pair_new_array(size_t size)
-{
-	struct kv_pair **kv;
-	size_t i;
-
-	kv = (struct kv_pair **) calloc(0, sizeof(kv) * size);
-	for (i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
-		kv[i] = kv_pair_new();
-	}
-	return kv;
-}
-
 struct kv_pair *kv_pair_add(struct kv_pair *kv_list,
                             const char *key, const char *value)
 {
@@ -163,15 +151,6 @@ void kv_pair_free(struct kv_pair *kv_list)
 	}
 }
 
-void kv_pair_free_array(struct kv_pair **kv_array, size_t size)
-{
-	size_t i;
-	for (i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
-		kv_pair_free(kv_array[i]);
-	}
-	free(kv_array);
-}
-
 void kv_pair_print_to_file(FILE* fp, struct kv_pair *kv_list,
                            enum kv_pair_style style)
 {
diff --git a/util/cbfstool/flashmap/kv_pair.h b/util/cbfstool/flashmap/kv_pair.h
index b573530..1fb1e0d 100644
--- a/util/cbfstool/flashmap/kv_pair.h
+++ b/util/cbfstool/flashmap/kv_pair.h
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ struct kv_pair {
 	struct kv_pair *next;
 };
 
-extern enum kv_pair_style kv_pair_get_style();
+extern enum kv_pair_style kv_pair_get_style(void);
 
 extern void kv_pair_set_style(enum kv_pair_style style);
 
diff --git a/util/cbfstool/flashmap/valstr.c b/util/cbfstool/flashmap/valstr.c
index fa9ed82..1e5c5d4 100644
--- a/util/cbfstool/flashmap/valstr.c
+++ b/util/cbfstool/flashmap/valstr.c
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@
 
 #include <inttypes.h>
 #include <string.h>
+#include <strings.h>
 
 #include <valstr.h>
 
diff --git a/util/cbfstool/flashmap_tests.c b/util/cbfstool/flashmap_tests.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c545285
--- /dev/null
+++ b/util/cbfstool/flashmap_tests.c
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+/*
+ * fmap_from_fmd.c, simple launcher for fmap library unit test suite
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2015 Google, Inc.
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; version 2 of the License.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA, 02110-1301 USA
+ */
+
+#include "flashmap/fmap.h"
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+int main(void)
+{
+	int result = fmap_test();
+
+	puts("");
+	puts("===");
+	puts("");
+	if (!result)
+		puts("RESULT: All unit tests PASSED.");
+	else
+		puts("RESULT: One or more tests FAILED!");
+
+	return result;
+}
diff --git a/util/cbfstool/fmap_from_fmd.c b/util/cbfstool/fmap_from_fmd.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fa1024b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/util/cbfstool/fmap_from_fmd.c
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+/*
+ * fmap_from_fmd.c, tool to distill flashmap descriptors into raw FMAP sections
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2015 Google, Inc.
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; version 2 of the License.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA, 02110-1301 USA
+ */
+
+#include "fmap_from_fmd.h"
+
+#include "common.h"
+
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+static bool fmap_append_fmd_node(struct fmap **flashmap,
+				const struct flashmap_descriptor *section,
+						unsigned absolute_watermark) {
+	if (strlen(section->name) >= FMAP_STRLEN) {
+		fprintf(stderr,
+			"ERROR: Section name ('%s') exceeds %d character FMAP format limit\n",
+					section->name, FMAP_STRLEN - 1);
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	absolute_watermark += section->offset;
+
+	if (fmap_append_area(flashmap, absolute_watermark, section->size,
+					(uint8_t *)section->name, 0) < 0) {
+		fprintf(stderr,
+			"ERROR: Failed to insert section '%s' into FMAP\n",
+							section->name);
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	fmd_foreach_child(subsection, section) {
+		if (!fmap_append_fmd_node(flashmap, subsection,
+							absolute_watermark))
+			return false;
+	}
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+struct fmap *fmap_from_fmd(const struct flashmap_descriptor *desc)
+{
+	assert(desc);
+	assert(desc->size_known);
+
+	if (strlen(desc->name) >= FMAP_STRLEN) {
+		fprintf(stderr,
+			"ERROR: Image name ('%s') exceeds %d character FMAP header limit\n",
+						desc->name, FMAP_STRLEN - 1);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	struct fmap *fmap = fmap_create(desc->offset_known ? desc->offset : 0,
+					desc->size, (uint8_t *)desc->name);
+	if (!fmap) {
+		fputs("ERROR: Failed to allocate FMAP header\n", stderr);
+		return fmap;
+	}
+
+	fmd_foreach_child(real_section, desc) {
+		if (!fmap_append_fmd_node(&fmap, real_section, 0)) {
+			fmap_destroy(fmap);
+			return NULL;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return fmap;
+}
diff --git a/util/cbfstool/fmap_from_fmd.h b/util/cbfstool/fmap_from_fmd.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..689c859
--- /dev/null
+++ b/util/cbfstool/fmap_from_fmd.h
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+/*
+ * fmap_from_fmd.h, tool to distill flashmap descriptors into raw FMAP sections
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2015 Google, Inc.
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; version 2 of the License.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA, 02110-1301 USA
+ */
+
+#ifndef FMAP_FROM_FMD_H_
+#define FMAP_FROM_FMD_H_
+
+#include "flashmap/fmap.h"
+#include "fmd.h"
+
+/**
+ * @param desc The descriptor tree serving as a data source
+ * @return     The FMAP section, which is also owned by the caller and must
+ *             later be released with a call to fmap_destroy()
+ */
+struct fmap *fmap_from_fmd(const struct flashmap_descriptor *desc);
+
+#endif
diff --git a/util/cbfstool/fmaptool.c b/util/cbfstool/fmaptool.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..961e9dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/util/cbfstool/fmaptool.c
@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+/*
+ * fmaptool, CLI utility for converting plaintext fmd files into fmap blobs
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2015 Google, Inc.
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; version 2 of the License.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA, 02110-1301 USA
+ */
+
+#include "common.h"
+#include "fmap_from_fmd.h"
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#define STDIN_FILENAME_SENTINEL "-"
+
+enum fmaptool_return {
+	FMAPTOOL_EXIT_SUCCESS = 0,
+	FMAPTOOL_EXIT_BAD_ARGS,
+	FMAPTOOL_EXIT_BAD_INPUT_PATH,
+	FMAPTOOL_EXIT_BAD_OUTPUT_PATH,
+	FMAPTOOL_EXIT_FAILED_DESCRIPTOR,
+	FMAPTOOL_EXIT_FAILED_FMAP_CONVERSION,
+	FMAPTOOL_EXIT_UNKNOWN_FMAP_SIZE,
+	FMAPTOOL_EXIT_FAILED_WRITING_FILE,
+};
+
+bool fmd_process_annotation_impl(unused const struct flashmap_descriptor *node,
+						unused const char *annotation)
+{
+	// We always accept annotations, but never act on them.
+	return true;
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+	if (argc != 3) {
+		fputs("Convert a human-readable flashmap descriptor (fmd) file into the binary FMAP format for use in firmware images\n",
+									stderr);
+		fprintf(stderr,
+			"USAGE: %s <fmd input file> <binary output file>\n",
+								argv[0]);
+		fprintf(stderr,
+			"To read from standard input, provide '%s' as the input filename.\n",
+					STDIN_FILENAME_SENTINEL);
+		return FMAPTOOL_EXIT_BAD_ARGS;
+	}
+	const char *fmd_filename = argv[1];
+	const char *fmap_filename = argv[2];
+
+	FILE *fmd_file = stdin;
+	if (strcmp(fmd_filename, STDIN_FILENAME_SENTINEL) != 0) {
+		fmd_file = fopen(fmd_filename, "r");
+		if (!fmd_file) {
+			fprintf(stderr, "FATAL: Unable to open file '%s'\n",
+								fmd_filename);
+			return FMAPTOOL_EXIT_BAD_INPUT_PATH;
+		}
+	}
+
+	struct flashmap_descriptor *descriptor = fmd_create(fmd_file);
+	fclose(fmd_file);
+	if (!descriptor) {
+		fputs("FATAL: Failed while processing provided descriptor\n",
+									stderr);
+		return FMAPTOOL_EXIT_FAILED_DESCRIPTOR;
+	}
+
+	struct fmap *flashmap = fmap_from_fmd(descriptor);
+	if (!flashmap) {
+		fputs("FATAL: Failed while constructing FMAP section\n",
+									stderr);
+		fmd_cleanup(descriptor);
+		return FMAPTOOL_EXIT_FAILED_FMAP_CONVERSION;
+	}
+
+	int size = fmap_size(flashmap);
+	if (size < 0) {
+		fputs("FATAL: Failed to determine FMAP section size\n",
+									stderr);
+		fmap_destroy(flashmap);
+		fmd_cleanup(descriptor);
+		return FMAPTOOL_EXIT_UNKNOWN_FMAP_SIZE;
+	}
+
+	FILE *fmap_file = fopen(fmap_filename, "wb");
+	if (!fmap_file) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "FATAL: Unable to open file '%s' for writing\n",
+								fmap_filename);
+		fmap_destroy(flashmap);
+		fmd_cleanup(descriptor);
+		return FMAPTOOL_EXIT_BAD_OUTPUT_PATH;
+	}
+
+	if (!fwrite(flashmap, size, 1, fmap_file)) {
+		fputs("FATAL: Failed to write final FMAP to file\n", stderr);
+		fclose(fmap_file);
+		fmap_destroy(flashmap);
+		fmd_cleanup(descriptor);
+		return FMAPTOOL_EXIT_FAILED_WRITING_FILE;
+	}
+	fclose(fmap_file);
+	printf("SUCCESS: Wrote %d bytes to file '%s'\n", size, fmap_filename);
+
+	fmap_destroy(flashmap);
+	fmd_cleanup(descriptor);
+	return FMAPTOOL_EXIT_SUCCESS;
+}
diff --git a/util/cbfstool/fmd.c b/util/cbfstool/fmd.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bfce049
--- /dev/null
+++ b/util/cbfstool/fmd.c
@@ -0,0 +1,401 @@
+/*
+ * fmd.c, parser frontend and utility functions for flashmap descriptor language
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2015 Google, Inc.
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; version 2 of the License.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA, 02110-1301 USA
+ */
+
+#include "fmd.h"
+
+#include "fmd_parser.h"
+#include "fmd_scanner.h"
+#include "option.h"
+
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <search.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+/*
+ * Validate the given flashmap descriptor node's properties. In particular:
+ *  - Ensure its name is globally unique.
+ *  - Ensure its offset, if known, isn't located before the end of the previous
+ *    section, if this can be determined.
+ *  - Ensure its offset, if known, isn't located after the beginning of the next
+ *    section or off the end of its parent section, if this can be determined.
+ *  - Ensure its size is nonzero.
+ *  - Ensure that the combination of its size and offset, if they are both
+ *    known, doesn't place its end after the beginning of the next section or
+ *    off the end of its parent section, if this can be determined.
+ * In the case of a validation error, the particular problem is reported to
+ * standard error and this function returns false. It should be noted that this
+ * function makes no claim that the members of the node's child list are valid:
+ * under no circumstances is any recursive validation performed.
+ *
+ * @param node  The flashmap descriptor node to be validated
+ * @param start Optional minimum permissible base of the section to be
+ *              validated, to be provided if known
+ * @param end   Optional maximum permissible offset to the end of the section to
+ *              be validated, to be provided if known
+ * @return      Whether the node is valid
+ */
+static bool validate_descriptor_node(const struct flashmap_descriptor *node,
+		struct unsigned_option start, struct unsigned_option end) {
+	assert(node);
+
+	ENTRY search_key = {node->name, NULL};
+	if (hsearch(search_key, FIND)) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: Multiple sections with name '%s'\n",
+								node->name);
+		return false;
+	}
+	if (!hsearch(search_key, ENTER))
+		assert(false);
+
+	if (node->offset_known) {
+		if (start.val_known && node->offset < start.val) {
+			fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: Section '%s' starts too low\n",
+								node->name);
+			return false;
+		} else if (end.val_known && node->offset > end.val) {
+			fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: Section '%s' starts too high\n",
+								node->name);
+			return false;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (node->size_known) {
+		if (node->size == 0) {
+			fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: Section '%s' given no space\n",
+								node->name);
+			return false;
+		} else if (node->offset_known) {
+			unsigned node_end = node->offset + node->size;
+			if (end.val_known && node_end > end.val) {
+				fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: Section '%s' too big\n",
+								node->name);
+				return false;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Performs reverse lateral processing of sibling nodes, as described by the
+ * documentation of its caller, validate_and_complete_info(). If it encounters
+ * a node that is invalid in a way that couldn't have been discovered earlier,
+ * it explains the problem to standard output and returns false.
+ *
+ * @param first_incomplete_it First node whose offset or size couldn't be
+ *                            determined during forward processing
+ * @param cur_incomplete_it   Last node whose offset or size is unknown
+ * @param end_watermark       Offset to the end of the unresolved region
+ * @return                    Whether all completed nodes were still valid
+ */
+static bool complete_missing_info_backward(
+			flashmap_descriptor_iterator_t first_incomplete_it,
+			flashmap_descriptor_iterator_t cur_incomplete_it,
+							unsigned end_watermark)
+{
+	assert(first_incomplete_it);
+	assert(cur_incomplete_it);
+	assert(cur_incomplete_it >= first_incomplete_it);
+
+	do {
+		struct flashmap_descriptor *cur = *cur_incomplete_it;
+
+		assert(cur->offset_known || cur->size_known);
+		if (!cur->offset_known) {
+			if (cur->size > end_watermark) {
+				fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: Section '%s' too big\n",
+								cur->name);
+				return false;
+			}
+			cur->offset_known = true;
+			cur->offset = end_watermark -= cur->size;
+		} else if (!cur->size_known) {
+			if (cur->offset > end_watermark) {
+				fprintf(stderr,
+					"ERROR: Section '%s' starts too high\n",
+								cur->name);
+				return false;
+			}
+			cur->size_known = true;
+			cur->size = end_watermark - cur->offset;
+			end_watermark = cur->offset;
+		}
+	} while (--cur_incomplete_it >= first_incomplete_it);
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Recursively examine each descendant of the provided flashmap descriptor node
+ * to ensure its position and size are known, attempt to infer them otherwise,
+ * and validate their values once they've been populated.
+ * This processes nodes according to the following algorithm:
+ *  - At each level of the tree, it moves laterally between siblings, keeping
+ *    a watermark of its current offset relative to the previous section, which
+ *    it uses to fill in any unknown offsets it encounters along the way.
+ *  - The first time it encounters a sibling with unknown size, it loses track
+ *    of the watermark, and is therefore unable to complete further offsets;
+ *    instead, if the watermark was known before, it marks the current node as
+ *    the first that couldn't be completed in the initial pass.
+ *  - If the current watermark is unknown (i.e. a node has been marked as the
+ *    first incomplete one) and one with a fixed offset is encountered, a
+ *    reverse lateral traversal is dispatched that uses that provided offset as
+ *    a reverse watermark to complete all unknown fields until it finishes with
+ *    the node marked as the first incomplete one: at this point, that flag is
+ *    cleared, the watermark is updated, and forward processing resumes from
+ *    where it left off.
+ *  - If the watermark is unknown (i.e. node(s) are incomplete) after traversing
+ *    all children of a particular parent node, reverse processing is employed
+ *    as described above, except that the reverse watermark is initialized to
+ *    the parent node's size instead of the (nonexistent) next node's offset.
+ *  - Once all of a node's children have been processed, the algorithm applies
+ *    itself recursively to each of the child nodes; thus, lower levels of the
+ *    tree are processed only after their containing levels are finished.
+ * This approach can fail in two possible ways (in which case the problem is
+ * reported to standard output and this function returns false):
+ *  - Processing reveals that some node's provided value is invalid in some way.
+ *  - Processing determines that one or more provided values require an omitted
+ *    field to take a nonsensical value.
+ *  - Processing determines that it is impossible to determine a group of
+ *    omitted values. This state is detected when a node whose offset *and*
+ *    value are omitted is encountered during forward processing and while the
+ *    current watermark is unknown: in such a case, neither can be known without
+ *    being provided with either the other or more context.
+ * The function notably performs neither validation nor completion on the parent
+ * node it is passed; thus, it is important to ensure that that node is valid.
+ * (At the very least, it must have a valid size field in order for the
+ * algorithm to work on its children.)
+ *
+ * @param cur_level Parent node, which must minimally already have a valid size
+ * @return          Whether completing and validating the children succeeded
+ */
+static bool validate_and_complete_info(struct flashmap_descriptor *cur_level)
+{
+	assert(cur_level);
+	assert(cur_level->size_known);
+
+	// Our watermark is only known when first_incomplete_it is NULL.
+	flashmap_descriptor_iterator_t first_incomplete_it = NULL;
+	unsigned watermark = 0;
+
+	fmd_foreach_child_iterator(cur_it, cur_level) {
+		struct flashmap_descriptor *cur_section = *cur_it;
+
+		if (first_incomplete_it) {
+			if (cur_section->offset_known) {
+				if (complete_missing_info_backward(
+						first_incomplete_it, cur_it - 1,
+							cur_section->offset)) {
+					first_incomplete_it = NULL;
+					watermark = cur_section->offset;
+				} else {
+					return false;
+				}
+			}
+			// Otherwise, we can't go back until a provided offset.
+		} else if (!cur_section->offset_known) {
+			cur_section->offset_known = true;
+			cur_section->offset = watermark;
+		}
+
+		assert(cur_level->size_known);
+		struct unsigned_option max_endpoint = {true, cur_level->size};
+		if (cur_it != cur_level->list + cur_level->list_len - 1) {
+			struct flashmap_descriptor *next_section = cur_it[1];
+			max_endpoint.val_known = next_section->offset_known;
+			max_endpoint.val = next_section->offset;
+		}
+		if (!validate_descriptor_node(cur_section,
+							(struct unsigned_option)
+					{!first_incomplete_it, watermark},
+								max_endpoint))
+			return false;
+
+		if (!cur_section->size_known) {
+			if (!cur_section->offset_known) {
+				fprintf(stderr,
+					"ERROR: Cannot determine either offset or size of section '%s'\n",
+							cur_section->name);
+				return false;
+			} else if (!first_incomplete_it) {
+				first_incomplete_it = cur_it;
+			} else {
+				// We shouldn't find an unknown size within an
+				// incomplete region because the backward
+				// traversal at the beginning of this node's
+				// processing should have concluded said region.
+				assert(!first_incomplete_it);
+			}
+		} else if (!first_incomplete_it) {
+			watermark = cur_section->offset + cur_section->size;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (first_incomplete_it &&
+			!complete_missing_info_backward(first_incomplete_it,
+				cur_level->list + cur_level->list_len - 1,
+							cur_level->size))
+		return false;
+
+	fmd_foreach_child(cur_section, cur_level) {
+		assert(cur_section->offset_known);
+		assert(cur_section->size_known);
+
+		if (!validate_and_complete_info(cur_section))
+			return false;
+	}
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+static void print_with_prefix(const struct flashmap_descriptor *tree,
+								const char *pre)
+{
+	assert(tree);
+	assert(pre);
+
+	printf("%ssection '%s' has ", pre, tree->name);
+
+	if (tree->offset_known)
+		printf("offset %uB, ", tree->offset);
+	else
+		fputs("unknown offset, ", stdout);
+
+	if (tree->size_known)
+		printf("size %uB, ", tree->size);
+	else
+		fputs("unknown size, ", stdout);
+
+	printf("and %zu subsections", tree->list_len);
+	if (tree->list_len) {
+		puts(":");
+
+		char child_prefix[strlen(pre) + 1];
+		strcpy(child_prefix, pre);
+		strcat(child_prefix, "\t");
+		fmd_foreach_child(each, tree)
+			print_with_prefix(each, child_prefix);
+	} else {
+		puts("");
+	}
+}
+
+struct flashmap_descriptor *fmd_create(FILE *stream)
+{
+	assert(stream);
+
+	yyin = stream;
+
+	struct flashmap_descriptor *ret = NULL;
+	if (yyparse() == 0)
+		ret = res;
+
+	yylex_destroy();
+	yyin = NULL;
+	res = NULL;
+
+	if (ret) {
+		// This hash table is used to store the declared name of each
+		// section and ensure that each is globally unique.
+		if (!hcreate(fmd_count_nodes(ret))) {
+			perror("ERROR: While initializing hashtable");
+			fmd_cleanup(ret);
+			return NULL;
+		}
+
+		// Even though we haven't checked that the root node (ret) has
+		// a size field as required by this function, the parser
+		// warrants that it does because the grammar requires it.
+		if (!validate_and_complete_info(ret)) {
+			hdestroy();
+			fmd_cleanup(ret);
+			return NULL;
+		}
+
+		hdestroy();
+	}
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+void fmd_cleanup(struct flashmap_descriptor *victim)
+{
+	if (!victim)
+		return;
+
+	free(victim->name);
+	for (unsigned idx = 0; idx < victim->list_len; ++idx)
+		fmd_cleanup(victim->list[idx]);
+	free(victim->list);
+	free(victim);
+}
+
+size_t fmd_count_nodes(const struct flashmap_descriptor *tree)
+{
+	assert(tree);
+
+	if (!tree->list_len)
+		return 1;
+
+	unsigned count = 1;
+	fmd_foreach_child(lower, tree)
+		count += fmd_count_nodes(lower);
+	return count;
+}
+
+const struct flashmap_descriptor *fmd_find_node(
+		const struct flashmap_descriptor *root, const char *name)
+{
+	assert(root);
+	assert(name);
+
+	if (strcmp(root->name, name) == 0)
+		return root;
+
+	fmd_foreach_child(descendant, root) {
+		const struct flashmap_descriptor *match =
+						fmd_find_node(descendant, name);
+		if (match)
+			return match;
+	}
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+unsigned fmd_calc_absolute_offset(const struct flashmap_descriptor *root,
+							const char *name)
+{
+	assert(root);
+	assert(name);
+
+	if (strcmp(root->name, name) == 0)
+		return 0;
+
+	fmd_foreach_child(descendant, root) {
+		unsigned subtotal = fmd_calc_absolute_offset(descendant, name);
+		if (subtotal != FMD_NOTFOUND)
+			return descendant->offset + subtotal;
+	}
+	return FMD_NOTFOUND;
+}
+
+void fmd_print(const struct flashmap_descriptor *tree)
+{
+	print_with_prefix(tree, "");
+}
diff --git a/util/cbfstool/fmd.h b/util/cbfstool/fmd.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ff54cbf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/util/cbfstool/fmd.h
@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+/*
+ * fmd.h, parser frontend and utility functions for flashmap descriptor language
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2015 Google, Inc.
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; version 2 of the License.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA, 02110-1301 USA
+ */
+
+#ifndef FMD_H_
+#define FMD_H_
+
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+#define FMD_NOTFOUND UINT_MAX
+
+struct flashmap_descriptor {
+	char *name;
+	bool offset_known;
+	/**
+	 * Offset relative to that of the parent node.
+	 * Exception: for the root node in the descriptor tree, it is optional.
+	 * In this case, if absent, it indicates that the flash chip will not be
+	 * memory mapped at runtime; otherwise, its value indicates the base
+	 * address of the flash chip in the virtual address space rather than
+	 * representing an offset into the flash image itself.
+	 * It is an error to read this field unless offset_known is set.
+	 */
+	unsigned offset;
+	bool size_known;
+	/** It is an error to read this field unless size_known is set. */
+	unsigned size;
+	size_t list_len;
+	/** It is an error to dereference this array if list_len is 0. */
+	struct flashmap_descriptor **list;
+};
+
+/**
+ * **Client-defined** callback.
+ * This call is used to notify client code that the user has annotated the given
+ * section node by accompanying it with a string enclosed in parentheses. It is
+ * only invoked for nodes that have annotations, and then only once per node.
+ * The annotations' syntactic validity and semantic meaning are not determined
+ * by the compiler; rather, implementations of this function should use their
+ * return type to tell the compiler whether the annotation was valid syntax, as
+ * well as perform whatever actions are necessary given the particular
+ * annotation. It's worth reiterating that this is only called on section nodes,
+ * and will never be called with the final, complete flashmap_descriptor because
+ * it is impossible to annotate the image as a whole. Note that, although the
+ * node received by this function will be preserved in memory as part of the
+ * ultimate flashmap_descriptor, the annotation string will only persist during
+ * this function call: if the implementation needs it longer, it must copy it.
+ *
+ * @param flashmap_descriptor The section node carrying the annotation
+ * @param annotation          What the user wrote (only valid during callback)
+ * @return                    Whether this annotation represented valid syntax
+ */
+bool fmd_process_annotation_impl(const struct flashmap_descriptor *node,
+							const char *annotation);
+
+/**
+ * Parse and validate a flashmap descriptor from the specified stream.
+ * As part of this process, any fields that were omitted in the input are
+ * inferred from whatever information is known, if possible. The result is a
+ * tree with all its offset and size fields filled, except possibly the former
+ * part of the root node in the case of non--memory mapped flash. If a syntax
+ * error causes the parser to fail, or if there is not enough information given
+ * in the input file to determine any single missing value, the specific error
+ * is reported to standard error and this function returns NULL.
+ *
+ * @param stream File from which to read the (partial) flashmap descriptor
+ * @return       Populated flashmap descriptor tree, or NULL on failure
+ */
+struct flashmap_descriptor *fmd_create(FILE *stream);
+
+/** @param victim Valid descriptor tree to be cleaned up, or NULL for no-op */
+void fmd_cleanup(struct flashmap_descriptor *victim);
+
+/**
+ * @param tree Must be non-NULL
+ * @return     The number of nodes in the tree, including the root
+ */
+size_t fmd_count_nodes(const struct flashmap_descriptor *tree);
+
+/**
+ * @param root The flashmap descriptor to search
+ * @param name The name of the sought-after section
+ * @return     The desired section node, or NULL if none was found
+ */
+const struct flashmap_descriptor *fmd_find_node(
+		const struct flashmap_descriptor *root, const char *name);
+
+/**
+ * @param root Parent node to whose start the "absolute" offset will be relative
+ * @param name The name of the node whose offset to determine
+ * @return     The "absolute" offset, or FMD_NOTFOUND if the node wasn't found
+ */
+unsigned fmd_calc_absolute_offset(const struct flashmap_descriptor *root,
+							const char *name);
+
+/** @param tree Must be non-NULL */
+void fmd_print(const struct flashmap_descriptor *tree);
+
+typedef struct flashmap_descriptor **flashmap_descriptor_iterator_t;
+
+/*
+ * Run the subsequent statement once on each descendant of the specified node.
+ *
+ * @param iterator A flashmap_descriptor_iterator_t (automatically declared)
+ * @param parent   The parent node of those over which the loop should iterate
+ */
+#define fmd_foreach_child_iterator(iterator, parent) \
+	for (flashmap_descriptor_iterator_t iterator = parent->list; \
+		iterator < parent->list + parent->list_len; ++iterator)
+
+/*
+ * Run the subsequent statement once on each descendant of the specified node.
+ *
+ * @param child  A struct flashmap_descriptor * (automatically declared)
+ * @param parent The parent node of those over which the loop should iterate
+ */
+#define fmd_foreach_child(child, parent) \
+	for (struct flashmap_descriptor **fmd_foreach_child_iterator_ = \
+						parent->list, *child = NULL; \
+						fmd_foreach_child_iterator_ < \
+					parent->list + parent->list_len && \
+				(child = *fmd_foreach_child_iterator_); \
+						++fmd_foreach_child_iterator_)
+
+#endif
diff --git a/util/cbfstool/fmd_parser.c b/util/cbfstool/fmd_parser.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d97e743
--- /dev/null
+++ b/util/cbfstool/fmd_parser.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1647 @@
+/* A Bison parser, made by GNU Bison 3.0.2.  */
+
+/* Bison implementation for Yacc-like parsers in C
+
+   Copyright (C) 1984, 1989-1990, 2000-2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+   This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+   the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+   (at your option) any later version.
+
+   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+   GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+   along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.  */
+
+/* As a special exception, you may create a larger work that contains
+   part or all of the Bison parser skeleton and distribute that work
+   under terms of your choice, so long as that work isn't itself a
+   parser generator using the skeleton or a modified version thereof
+   as a parser skeleton.  Alternatively, if you modify or redistribute
+   the parser skeleton itself, you may (at your option) remove this
+   special exception, which will cause the skeleton and the resulting
+   Bison output files to be licensed under the GNU General Public
+   License without this special exception.
+
+   This special exception was added by the Free Software Foundation in
+   version 2.2 of Bison.  */
+
+/* C LALR(1) parser skeleton written by Richard Stallman, by
+   simplifying the original so-called "semantic" parser.  */
+
+/* All symbols defined below should begin with yy or YY, to avoid
+   infringing on user name space.  This should be done even for local
+   variables, as they might otherwise be expanded by user macros.
+   There are some unavoidable exceptions within include files to
+   define necessary library symbols; they are noted "INFRINGES ON
+   USER NAME SPACE" below.  */
+
+/* Identify Bison output.  */
+#define YYBISON 1
+
+/* Bison version.  */
+#define YYBISON_VERSION "3.0.2"
+
+/* Skeleton name.  */
+#define YYSKELETON_NAME "yacc.c"
+
+/* Pure parsers.  */
+#define YYPURE 0
+
+/* Push parsers.  */
+#define YYPUSH 0
+
+/* Pull parsers.  */
+#define YYPULL 1
+
+
+
+
+/* Copy the first part of user declarations.  */
+#line 20 "fmd_parser.y" /* yacc.c:339  */
+
+#include "fmd_scanner.h"
+
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+struct flashmap_descriptor *res = NULL;
+
+#line 74 "y.tab.c" /* yacc.c:339  */
+
+# ifndef YY_NULLPTR
+#  if defined __cplusplus && 201103L <= __cplusplus
+#   define YY_NULLPTR nullptr
+#  else
+#   define YY_NULLPTR 0
+#  endif
+# endif
+
+/* Enabling verbose error messages.  */
+#ifdef YYERROR_VERBOSE
+# undef YYERROR_VERBOSE
+# define YYERROR_VERBOSE 1
+#else
+# define YYERROR_VERBOSE 0
+#endif
+
+/* In a future release of Bison, this section will be replaced
+   by #include "y.tab.h".  */
+#ifndef YY_YY_Y_TAB_H_INCLUDED
+# define YY_YY_Y_TAB_H_INCLUDED
+/* Debug traces.  */
+#ifndef YYDEBUG
+# define YYDEBUG 0
+#endif
+#if YYDEBUG
+extern int yydebug;
+#endif
+/* "%code requires" blocks.  */
+#line 36 "fmd_parser.y" /* yacc.c:355  */
+
+#include "fmd.h"
+#include "option.h"
+
+#include <stdbool.h>
+
+struct descriptor_node {
+	struct flashmap_descriptor *val;
+	struct descriptor_node *next;
+};
+
+struct descriptor_list {
+	size_t len;
+	struct descriptor_node *head;
+	struct descriptor_node *tail;
+};
+
+extern struct flashmap_descriptor *res;
+
+struct flashmap_descriptor *parse_descriptor(char *name,
+	struct unsigned_option offset, struct unsigned_option size,
+					struct descriptor_list children);
+void yyerror(const char *s);
+
+#line 129 "y.tab.c" /* yacc.c:355  */
+
+/* Token type.  */
+#ifndef YYTOKENTYPE
+# define YYTOKENTYPE
+  enum yytokentype
+  {
+    INTEGER = 258,
+    OCTAL = 259,
+    STRING = 260
+  };
+#endif
+/* Tokens.  */
+#define INTEGER 258
+#define OCTAL 259
+#define STRING 260
+
+/* Value type.  */
+#if ! defined YYSTYPE && ! defined YYSTYPE_IS_DECLARED
+typedef union YYSTYPE YYSTYPE;
+union YYSTYPE
+{
+#line 28 "fmd_parser.y" /* yacc.c:355  */
+
+	unsigned intval;
+	char *strval;
+	struct unsigned_option maybe_intval;
+	struct flashmap_descriptor *region_ptr;
+	struct descriptor_list region_listhdr;
+
+#line 159 "y.tab.c" /* yacc.c:355  */
+};
+# define YYSTYPE_IS_TRIVIAL 1
+# define YYSTYPE_IS_DECLARED 1
+#endif
+
+
+extern YYSTYPE yylval;
+
+int yyparse (void);
+
+#endif /* !YY_YY_Y_TAB_H_INCLUDED  */
+
+/* Copy the second part of user declarations.  */
+
+#line 174 "y.tab.c" /* yacc.c:358  */
+
+#ifdef short
+# undef short
+#endif
+
+#ifdef YYTYPE_UINT8
+typedef YYTYPE_UINT8 yytype_uint8;
+#else
+typedef unsigned char yytype_uint8;
+#endif
+
+#ifdef YYTYPE_INT8
+typedef YYTYPE_INT8 yytype_int8;
+#else
+typedef signed char yytype_int8;
+#endif
+
+#ifdef YYTYPE_UINT16
+typedef YYTYPE_UINT16 yytype_uint16;
+#else
+typedef unsigned short int yytype_uint16;
+#endif
+
+#ifdef YYTYPE_INT16
+typedef YYTYPE_INT16 yytype_int16;
+#else
+typedef short int yytype_int16;
+#endif
+
+#ifndef YYSIZE_T
+# ifdef __SIZE_TYPE__
+#  define YYSIZE_T __SIZE_TYPE__
+# elif defined size_t
+#  define YYSIZE_T size_t
+# elif ! defined YYSIZE_T
+#  include <stddef.h> /* INFRINGES ON USER NAME SPACE */
+#  define YYSIZE_T size_t
+# else
+#  define YYSIZE_T unsigned int
+# endif
+#endif
+
+#define YYSIZE_MAXIMUM ((YYSIZE_T) -1)
+
+#ifndef YY_
+# if defined YYENABLE_NLS && YYENABLE_NLS
+#  if ENABLE_NLS
+#   include <libintl.h> /* INFRINGES ON USER NAME SPACE */
+#   define YY_(Msgid) dgettext ("bison-runtime", Msgid)
+#  endif
+# endif
+# ifndef YY_
+#  define YY_(Msgid) Msgid
+# endif
+#endif
+
+#ifndef YY_ATTRIBUTE
+# if (defined __GNUC__                                               \
+      && (2 < __GNUC__ || (__GNUC__ == 2 && 96 <= __GNUC_MINOR__)))  \
+     || defined __SUNPRO_C && 0x5110 <= __SUNPRO_C
+#  define YY_ATTRIBUTE(Spec) __attribute__(Spec)
+# else
+#  define YY_ATTRIBUTE(Spec) /* empty */
+# endif
+#endif
+
+#ifndef YY_ATTRIBUTE_PURE
+# define YY_ATTRIBUTE_PURE   YY_ATTRIBUTE ((__pure__))
+#endif
+
+#ifndef YY_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED
+# define YY_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED YY_ATTRIBUTE ((__unused__))
+#endif
+
+#if !defined _Noreturn \
+     && (!defined __STDC_VERSION__ || __STDC_VERSION__ < 201112)
+# if defined _MSC_VER && 1200 <= _MSC_VER
+#  define _Noreturn __declspec (noreturn)
+# else
+#  define _Noreturn YY_ATTRIBUTE ((__noreturn__))
+# endif
+#endif
+
+/* Suppress unused-variable warnings by "using" E.  */
+#if ! defined lint || defined __GNUC__
+# define YYUSE(E) ((void) (E))
+#else
+# define YYUSE(E) /* empty */
+#endif
+
+#if defined __GNUC__ && 407 <= __GNUC__ * 100 + __GNUC_MINOR__
+/* Suppress an incorrect diagnostic about yylval being uninitialized.  */
+# define YY_IGNORE_MAYBE_UNINITIALIZED_BEGIN \
+    _Pragma ("GCC diagnostic push") \
+    _Pragma ("GCC diagnostic ignored \"-Wuninitialized\"")\
+    _Pragma ("GCC diagnostic ignored \"-Wmaybe-uninitialized\"")
+# define YY_IGNORE_MAYBE_UNINITIALIZED_END \
+    _Pragma ("GCC diagnostic pop")
+#else
+# define YY_INITIAL_VALUE(Value) Value
+#endif
+#ifndef YY_IGNORE_MAYBE_UNINITIALIZED_BEGIN
+# define YY_IGNORE_MAYBE_UNINITIALIZED_BEGIN
+# define YY_IGNORE_MAYBE_UNINITIALIZED_END
+#endif
+#ifndef YY_INITIAL_VALUE
+# define YY_INITIAL_VALUE(Value) /* Nothing. */
+#endif
+
+
+#if ! defined yyoverflow || YYERROR_VERBOSE
+
+/* The parser invokes alloca or malloc; define the necessary symbols.  */
+
+# ifdef YYSTACK_USE_ALLOCA
+#  if YYSTACK_USE_ALLOCA
+#   ifdef __GNUC__
+#    define YYSTACK_ALLOC __builtin_alloca
+#   elif defined __BUILTIN_VA_ARG_INCR
+#    include <alloca.h> /* INFRINGES ON USER NAME SPACE */
+#   elif defined _AIX
+#    define YYSTACK_ALLOC __alloca
+#   elif defined _MSC_VER
+#    include <malloc.h> /* INFRINGES ON USER NAME SPACE */
+#    define alloca _alloca
+#   else
+#    define YYSTACK_ALLOC alloca
+#    if ! defined _ALLOCA_H && ! defined EXIT_SUCCESS
+#     include <stdlib.h> /* INFRINGES ON USER NAME SPACE */
+      /* Use EXIT_SUCCESS as a witness for stdlib.h.  */
+#     ifndef EXIT_SUCCESS
+#      define EXIT_SUCCESS 0
+#     endif
+#    endif
+#   endif
+#  endif
+# endif
+
+# ifdef YYSTACK_ALLOC
+   /* Pacify GCC's 'empty if-body' warning.  */
+#  define YYSTACK_FREE(Ptr) do { /* empty */; } while (0)
+#  ifndef YYSTACK_ALLOC_MAXIMUM
+    /* The OS might guarantee only one guard page at the bottom of the stack,
+       and a page size can be as small as 4096 bytes.  So we cannot safely
+       invoke alloca (N) if N exceeds 4096.  Use a slightly smaller number
+       to allow for a few compiler-allocated temporary stack slots.  */
+#   define YYSTACK_ALLOC_MAXIMUM 4032 /* reasonable circa 2006 */
+#  endif
+# else
+#  define YYSTACK_ALLOC YYMALLOC
+#  define YYSTACK_FREE YYFREE
+#  ifndef YYSTACK_ALLOC_MAXIMUM
+#   define YYSTACK_ALLOC_MAXIMUM YYSIZE_MAXIMUM
+#  endif
+#  if (defined __cplusplus && ! defined EXIT_SUCCESS \
+       && ! ((defined YYMALLOC || defined malloc) \
+             && (defined YYFREE || defined free)))
+#   include <stdlib.h> /* INFRINGES ON USER NAME SPACE */
+#   ifndef EXIT_SUCCESS
+#    define EXIT_SUCCESS 0
+#   endif
+#  endif
+#  ifndef YYMALLOC
+#   define YYMALLOC malloc
+#   if ! defined malloc && ! defined EXIT_SUCCESS
+void *malloc (YYSIZE_T); /* INFRINGES ON USER NAME SPACE */
+#   endif
+#  endif
+#  ifndef YYFREE
+#   define YYFREE free
+#   if ! defined free && ! defined EXIT_SUCCESS
+void free (void *); /* INFRINGES ON USER NAME SPACE */
+#   endif
+#  endif
+# endif
+#endif /* ! defined yyoverflow || YYERROR_VERBOSE */
+
+
+#if (! defined yyoverflow \
+     && (! defined __cplusplus \
+         || (defined YYSTYPE_IS_TRIVIAL && YYSTYPE_IS_TRIVIAL)))
+
+/* A type that is properly aligned for any stack member.  */
+union yyalloc
+{
+  yytype_int16 yyss_alloc;
+  YYSTYPE yyvs_alloc;
+};
+
+/* The size of the maximum gap between one aligned stack and the next.  */
+# define YYSTACK_GAP_MAXIMUM (sizeof (union yyalloc) - 1)
+
+/* The size of an array large to enough to hold all stacks, each with
+   N elements.  */
+# define YYSTACK_BYTES(N) \
+     ((N) * (sizeof (yytype_int16) + sizeof (YYSTYPE)) \
+      + YYSTACK_GAP_MAXIMUM)
+
+# define YYCOPY_NEEDED 1
+
+/* Relocate STACK from its old location to the new one.  The
+   local variables YYSIZE and YYSTACKSIZE give the old and new number of
+   elements in the stack, and YYPTR gives the new location of the
+   stack.  Advance YYPTR to a properly aligned location for the next
+   stack.  */
+# define YYSTACK_RELOCATE(Stack_alloc, Stack)                           \
+    do                                                                  \
+      {                                                                 \
+        YYSIZE_T yynewbytes;                                            \
+        YYCOPY (&yyptr->Stack_alloc, Stack, yysize);                    \
+        Stack = &yyptr->Stack_alloc;                                    \
+        yynewbytes = yystacksize * sizeof (*Stack) + YYSTACK_GAP_MAXIMUM; \
+        yyptr += yynewbytes / sizeof (*yyptr);                          \
+      }                                                                 \
+    while (0)
+
+#endif
+
+#if defined YYCOPY_NEEDED && YYCOPY_NEEDED
+/* Copy COUNT objects from SRC to DST.  The source and destination do
+   not overlap.  */
+# ifndef YYCOPY
+#  if defined __GNUC__ && 1 < __GNUC__
+#   define YYCOPY(Dst, Src, Count) \
+      __builtin_memcpy (Dst, Src, (Count) * sizeof (*(Src)))
+#  else
+#   define YYCOPY(Dst, Src, Count)              \
+      do                                        \
+        {                                       \
+          YYSIZE_T yyi;                         \
+          for (yyi = 0; yyi < (Count); yyi++)   \
+            (Dst)[yyi] = (Src)[yyi];            \
+        }                                       \
+      while (0)
+#  endif
+# endif
+#endif /* !YYCOPY_NEEDED */
+
+/* YYFINAL -- State number of the termination state.  */
+#define YYFINAL  4
+/* YYLAST -- Last index in YYTABLE.  */
+#define YYLAST   17
+
+/* YYNTOKENS -- Number of terminals.  */
+#define YYNTOKENS  11
+/* YYNNTS -- Number of nonterminals.  */
+#define YYNNTS  13
+/* YYNRULES -- Number of rules.  */
+#define YYNRULES  18
+/* YYNSTATES -- Number of states.  */
+#define YYNSTATES  28
+
+/* YYTRANSLATE[YYX] -- Symbol number corresponding to YYX as returned
+   by yylex, with out-of-bounds checking.  */
+#define YYUNDEFTOK  2
+#define YYMAXUTOK   260
+
+#define YYTRANSLATE(YYX)                                                \
+  ((unsigned int) (YYX) <= YYMAXUTOK ? yytranslate[YYX] : YYUNDEFTOK)
+
+/* YYTRANSLATE[TOKEN-NUM] -- Symbol number corresponding to TOKEN-NUM
+   as returned by yylex, without out-of-bounds checking.  */
+static const yytype_uint8 yytranslate[] =
+{
+       0,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,
+       2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,
+       2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,
+       2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,
+       6,     7,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,
+       2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,
+       2,     2,     2,     2,     8,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,
+       2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,
+       2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,
+       2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,
+       2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,
+       2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,
+       2,     2,     2,     9,     2,    10,     2,     2,     2,     2,
+       2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,
+       2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,
+       2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,
+       2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,
+       2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,
+       2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,
+       2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,
+       2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,
+       2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,
+       2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,
+       2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,
+       2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,
+       2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     1,     2,     3,     4,
+       5
+};
+
+#if YYDEBUG
+  /* YYRLINE[YYN] -- Source line where rule number YYN was defined.  */
+static const yytype_uint8 yyrline[] =
+{
+       0,    79,    79,    84,   101,   108,   109,   110,   111,   112,
+     113,   114,   115,   116,   118,   122,   123,   124,   135
+};
+#endif
+
+#if YYDEBUG || YYERROR_VERBOSE || 0
+/* YYTNAME[SYMBOL-NUM] -- String name of the symbol SYMBOL-NUM.
+   First, the terminals, then, starting at YYNTOKENS, nonterminals.  */
+static const char *const yytname[] =
+{
+  "$end", "error", "$undefined", "INTEGER", "OCTAL", "STRING", "'('",
+  "')'", "'@'", "'{'", "'}'", "$accept", "flash_chip", "flash_region",
+  "region_name", "region_annotation_opt", "region_annotation",
+  "region_offset_opt", "region_offset", "region_size_opt", "region_size",
+  "region_list_opt", "region_list", "region_list_entries", YY_NULLPTR
+};
+#endif
+
+# ifdef YYPRINT
+/* YYTOKNUM[NUM] -- (External) token number corresponding to the
+   (internal) symbol number NUM (which must be that of a token).  */
+static const yytype_uint16 yytoknum[] =
+{
+       0,   256,   257,   258,   259,   260,    40,    41,    64,   123,
+     125
+};
+# endif
+
+#define YYPACT_NINF -10
+
+#define yypact_value_is_default(Yystate) \
+  (!!((Yystate) == (-10)))
+
+#define YYTABLE_NINF -1
+
+#define yytable_value_is_error(Yytable_value) \
+  0
+
+  /* YYPACT[STATE-NUM] -- Index in YYTABLE of the portion describing
+     STATE-NUM.  */
+static const yytype_int8 yypact[] =
+{
+      -4,   -10,     2,    -2,   -10,     0,     1,   -10,   -10,   -10,
+      -1,    -4,   -10,   -10,     3,    -5,     5,    -2,   -10,   -10,
+     -10,     4,     1,   -10,    -1,   -10,   -10,   -10
+};
+
+  /* YYDEFACT[STATE-NUM] -- Default reduction number in state STATE-NUM.
+     Performed when YYTABLE does not specify something else to do.  Zero
+     means the default is an error.  */
+static const yytype_uint8 yydefact[] =
+{
+       0,     4,     0,     8,     1,     0,     0,     9,    10,    13,
+       0,     0,     2,    17,     5,     0,     0,     8,     6,    16,
+      18,     0,    11,     7,    14,    12,     3,    15
+};
+
+  /* YYPGOTO[NTERM-NUM].  */
+static const yytype_int8 yypgoto[] =
+{
+     -10,   -10,    -8,    12,   -10,   -10,    -3,   -10,   -10,    -9,
+     -10,    -7,   -10
+};
+
+  /* YYDEFGOTO[NTERM-NUM].  */
+static const yytype_int8 yydefgoto[] =
+{
+      -1,     2,    13,    14,    17,    18,     6,     7,    24,    10,
+      26,    12,    15
+};
+
+  /* YYTABLE[YYPACT[STATE-NUM]] -- What to do in state STATE-NUM.  If
+     positive, shift that token.  If negative, reduce the rule whose
+     number is the opposite.  If YYTABLE_NINF, syntax error.  */
+static const yytype_uint8 yytable[] =
+{
+       1,     1,     4,     8,     9,    19,     5,    20,    11,    16,
+      21,    23,     3,    25,    22,     0,     0,    27
+};
+
+static const yytype_int8 yycheck[] =
+{
+       5,     5,     0,     3,     3,    10,     8,    15,     9,     6,
+       5,     7,     0,    22,    17,    -1,    -1,    24
+};
+
+  /* YYSTOS[STATE-NUM] -- The (internal number of the) accessing
+     symbol of state STATE-NUM.  */
+static const yytype_uint8 yystos[] =
+{
+       0,     5,    12,    14,     0,     8,    17,    18,     3,     3,
+      20,     9,    22,    13,    14,    23,     6,    15,    16,    10,
+      13,     5,    17,     7,    19,    20,    21,    22
+};
+
+  /* YYR1[YYN] -- Symbol number of symbol that rule YYN derives.  */
+static const yytype_uint8 yyr1[] =
+{
+       0,    11,    12,    13,    14,    15,    15,    16,    17,    17,
+      18,    19,    19,    20,    21,    21,    22,    23,    23
+};
+
+  /* YYR2[YYN] -- Number of symbols on the right hand side of rule YYN.  */
+static const yytype_uint8 yyr2[] =
+{
+       0,     2,     4,     5,     1,     0,     1,     3,     0,     1,
+       2,     0,     1,     1,     0,     1,     3,     1,     2
+};
+
+
+#define yyerrok         (yyerrstatus = 0)
+#define yyclearin       (yychar = YYEMPTY)
+#define YYEMPTY         (-2)
+#define YYEOF           0
+
+#define YYACCEPT        goto yyacceptlab
+#define YYABORT         goto yyabortlab
+#define YYERROR         goto yyerrorlab
+
+
+#define YYRECOVERING()  (!!yyerrstatus)
+
+#define YYBACKUP(Token, Value)                                  \
+do                                                              \
+  if (yychar == YYEMPTY)                                        \
+    {                                                           \
+      yychar = (Token);                                         \
+      yylval = (Value);                                         \
+      YYPOPSTACK (yylen);                                       \
+      yystate = *yyssp;                                         \
+      goto yybackup;                                            \
+    }                                                           \
+  else                                                          \
+    {                                                           \
+      yyerror (YY_("syntax error: cannot back up")); \
+      YYERROR;                                                  \
+    }                                                           \
+while (0)
+
+/* Error token number */
+#define YYTERROR        1
+#define YYERRCODE       256
+
+
+
+/* Enable debugging if requested.  */
+#if YYDEBUG
+
+# ifndef YYFPRINTF
+#  include <stdio.h> /* INFRINGES ON USER NAME SPACE */
+#  define YYFPRINTF fprintf
+# endif
+
+# define YYDPRINTF(Args)                        \
+do {                                            \
+  if (yydebug)                                  \
+    YYFPRINTF Args;                             \
+} while (0)
+
+/* This macro is provided for backward compatibility. */
+#ifndef YY_LOCATION_PRINT
+# define YY_LOCATION_PRINT(File, Loc) ((void) 0)
+#endif
+
+
+# define YY_SYMBOL_PRINT(Title, Type, Value, Location)                    \
+do {                                                                      \
+  if (yydebug)                                                            \
+    {                                                                     \
+      YYFPRINTF (stderr, "%s ", Title);                                   \
+      yy_symbol_print (stderr,                                            \
+                  Type, Value); \
+      YYFPRINTF (stderr, "\n");                                           \
+    }                                                                     \
+} while (0)
+
+
+/*----------------------------------------.
+| Print this symbol's value on YYOUTPUT.  |
+`----------------------------------------*/
+
+static void
+yy_symbol_value_print (FILE *yyoutput, int yytype, YYSTYPE const * const yyvaluep)
+{
+  FILE *yyo = yyoutput;
+  YYUSE (yyo);
+  if (!yyvaluep)
+    return;
+# ifdef YYPRINT
+  if (yytype < YYNTOKENS)
+    YYPRINT (yyoutput, yytoknum[yytype], *yyvaluep);
+# endif
+  YYUSE (yytype);
+}
+
+
+/*--------------------------------.
+| Print this symbol on YYOUTPUT.  |
+`--------------------------------*/
+
+static void
+yy_symbol_print (FILE *yyoutput, int yytype, YYSTYPE const * const yyvaluep)
+{
+  YYFPRINTF (yyoutput, "%s %s (",
+             yytype < YYNTOKENS ? "token" : "nterm", yytname[yytype]);
+
+  yy_symbol_value_print (yyoutput, yytype, yyvaluep);
+  YYFPRINTF (yyoutput, ")");
+}
+
+/*------------------------------------------------------------------.
+| yy_stack_print -- Print the state stack from its BOTTOM up to its |
+| TOP (included).                                                   |
+`------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+static void
+yy_stack_print (yytype_int16 *yybottom, yytype_int16 *yytop)
+{
+  YYFPRINTF (stderr, "Stack now");
+  for (; yybottom <= yytop; yybottom++)
+    {
+      int yybot = *yybottom;
+      YYFPRINTF (stderr, " %d", yybot);
+    }
+  YYFPRINTF (stderr, "\n");
+}
+
+# define YY_STACK_PRINT(Bottom, Top)                            \
+do {                                                            \
+  if (yydebug)                                                  \
+    yy_stack_print ((Bottom), (Top));                           \
+} while (0)
+
+
+/*------------------------------------------------.
+| Report that the YYRULE is going to be reduced.  |
+`------------------------------------------------*/
+
+static void
+yy_reduce_print (yytype_int16 *yyssp, YYSTYPE *yyvsp, int yyrule)
+{
+  unsigned long int yylno = yyrline[yyrule];
+  int yynrhs = yyr2[yyrule];
+  int yyi;
+  YYFPRINTF (stderr, "Reducing stack by rule %d (line %lu):\n",
+             yyrule - 1, yylno);
+  /* The symbols being reduced.  */
+  for (yyi = 0; yyi < yynrhs; yyi++)
+    {
+      YYFPRINTF (stderr, "   $%d = ", yyi + 1);
+      yy_symbol_print (stderr,
+                       yystos[yyssp[yyi + 1 - yynrhs]],
+                       &(yyvsp[(yyi + 1) - (yynrhs)])
+                                              );
+      YYFPRINTF (stderr, "\n");
+    }
+}
+
+# define YY_REDUCE_PRINT(Rule)          \
+do {                                    \
+  if (yydebug)                          \
+    yy_reduce_print (yyssp, yyvsp, Rule); \
+} while (0)
+
+/* Nonzero means print parse trace.  It is left uninitialized so that
+   multiple parsers can coexist.  */
+int yydebug;
+#else /* !YYDEBUG */
+# define YYDPRINTF(Args)
+# define YY_SYMBOL_PRINT(Title, Type, Value, Location)
+# define YY_STACK_PRINT(Bottom, Top)
+# define YY_REDUCE_PRINT(Rule)
+#endif /* !YYDEBUG */
+
+
+/* YYINITDEPTH -- initial size of the parser's stacks.  */
+#ifndef YYINITDEPTH
+# define YYINITDEPTH 200
+#endif
+
+/* YYMAXDEPTH -- maximum size the stacks can grow to (effective only
+   if the built-in stack extension method is used).
+
+   Do not make this value too large; the results are undefined if
+   YYSTACK_ALLOC_MAXIMUM < YYSTACK_BYTES (YYMAXDEPTH)
+   evaluated with infinite-precision integer arithmetic.  */
+
+#ifndef YYMAXDEPTH
+# define YYMAXDEPTH 10000
+#endif
+
+
+#if YYERROR_VERBOSE
+
+# ifndef yystrlen
+#  if defined __GLIBC__ && defined _STRING_H
+#   define yystrlen strlen
+#  else
+/* Return the length of YYSTR.  */
+static YYSIZE_T
+yystrlen (const char *yystr)
+{
+  YYSIZE_T yylen;
+  for (yylen = 0; yystr[yylen]; yylen++)
+    continue;
+  return yylen;
+}
+#  endif
+# endif
+
+# ifndef yystpcpy
+#  if defined __GLIBC__ && defined _STRING_H && defined _GNU_SOURCE
+#   define yystpcpy stpcpy
+#  else
+/* Copy YYSRC to YYDEST, returning the address of the terminating '\0' in
+   YYDEST.  */
+static char *
+yystpcpy (char *yydest, const char *yysrc)
+{
+  char *yyd = yydest;
+  const char *yys = yysrc;
+
+  while ((*yyd++ = *yys++) != '\0')
+    continue;
+
+  return yyd - 1;
+}
+#  endif
+# endif
+
+# ifndef yytnamerr
+/* Copy to YYRES the contents of YYSTR after stripping away unnecessary
+   quotes and backslashes, so that it's suitable for yyerror.  The
+   heuristic is that double-quoting is unnecessary unless the string
+   contains an apostrophe, a comma, or backslash (other than
+   backslash-backslash).  YYSTR is taken from yytname.  If YYRES is
+   null, do not copy; instead, return the length of what the result
+   would have been.  */
+static YYSIZE_T
+yytnamerr (char *yyres, const char *yystr)
+{
+  if (*yystr == '"')
+    {
+      YYSIZE_T yyn = 0;
+      char const *yyp = yystr;
+
+      for (;;)
+        switch (*++yyp)
+          {
+          case '\'':
+          case ',':
+            goto do_not_strip_quotes;
+
+          case '\\':
+            if (*++yyp != '\\')
+              goto do_not_strip_quotes;
+            /* Fall through.  */
+          default:
+            if (yyres)
+              yyres[yyn] = *yyp;
+            yyn++;
+            break;
+
+          case '"':
+            if (yyres)
+              yyres[yyn] = '\0';
+            return yyn;
+          }
+    do_not_strip_quotes: ;
+    }
+
+  if (! yyres)
+    return yystrlen (yystr);
+
+  return yystpcpy (yyres, yystr) - yyres;
+}
+# endif
+
+/* Copy into *YYMSG, which is of size *YYMSG_ALLOC, an error message
+   about the unexpected token YYTOKEN for the state stack whose top is
+   YYSSP.
+
+   Return 0 if *YYMSG was successfully written.  Return 1 if *YYMSG is
+   not large enough to hold the message.  In that case, also set
+   *YYMSG_ALLOC to the required number of bytes.  Return 2 if the
+   required number of bytes is too large to store.  */
+static int
+yysyntax_error (YYSIZE_T *yymsg_alloc, char **yymsg,
+                yytype_int16 *yyssp, int yytoken)
+{
+  YYSIZE_T yysize0 = yytnamerr (YY_NULLPTR, yytname[yytoken]);
+  YYSIZE_T yysize = yysize0;
+  enum { YYERROR_VERBOSE_ARGS_MAXIMUM = 5 };
+  /* Internationalized format string. */
+  const char *yyformat = YY_NULLPTR;
+  /* Arguments of yyformat. */
+  char const *yyarg[YYERROR_VERBOSE_ARGS_MAXIMUM];
+  /* Number of reported tokens (one for the "unexpected", one per
+     "expected"). */
+  int yycount = 0;
+
+  /* There are many possibilities here to consider:
+     - If this state is a consistent state with a default action, then
+       the only way this function was invoked is if the default action
+       is an error action.  In that case, don't check for expected
+       tokens because there are none.
+     - The only way there can be no lookahead present (in yychar) is if
+       this state is a consistent state with a default action.  Thus,
+       detecting the absence of a lookahead is sufficient to determine
+       that there is no unexpected or expected token to report.  In that
+       case, just report a simple "syntax error".
+     - Don't assume there isn't a lookahead just because this state is a
+       consistent state with a default action.  There might have been a
+       previous inconsistent state, consistent state with a non-default
+       action, or user semantic action that manipulated yychar.
+     - Of course, the expected token list depends on states to have
+       correct lookahead information, and it depends on the parser not
+       to perform extra reductions after fetching a lookahead from the
+       scanner and before detecting a syntax error.  Thus, state merging
+       (from LALR or IELR) and default reductions corrupt the expected
+       token list.  However, the list is correct for canonical LR with
+       one exception: it will still contain any token that will not be
+       accepted due to an error action in a later state.
+  */
+  if (yytoken != YYEMPTY)
+    {
+      int yyn = yypact[*yyssp];
+      yyarg[yycount++] = yytname[yytoken];
+      if (!yypact_value_is_default (yyn))
+        {
+          /* Start YYX at -YYN if negative to avoid negative indexes in
+             YYCHECK.  In other words, skip the first -YYN actions for
+             this state because they are default actions.  */
+          int yyxbegin = yyn < 0 ? -yyn : 0;
+          /* Stay within bounds of both yycheck and yytname.  */
+          int yychecklim = YYLAST - yyn + 1;
+          int yyxend = yychecklim < YYNTOKENS ? yychecklim : YYNTOKENS;
+          int yyx;
+
+          for (yyx = yyxbegin; yyx < yyxend; ++yyx)
+            if (yycheck[yyx + yyn] == yyx && yyx != YYTERROR
+                && !yytable_value_is_error (yytable[yyx + yyn]))
+              {
+                if (yycount == YYERROR_VERBOSE_ARGS_MAXIMUM)
+                  {
+                    yycount = 1;
+                    yysize = yysize0;
+                    break;
+                  }
+                yyarg[yycount++] = yytname[yyx];
+                {
+                  YYSIZE_T yysize1 = yysize + yytnamerr (YY_NULLPTR, yytname[yyx]);
+                  if (! (yysize <= yysize1
+                         && yysize1 <= YYSTACK_ALLOC_MAXIMUM))
+                    return 2;
+                  yysize = yysize1;
+                }
+              }
+        }
+    }
+
+  switch (yycount)
+    {
+# define YYCASE_(N, S)                      \
+      case N:                               \
+        yyformat = S;                       \
+      break
+      YYCASE_(0, YY_("syntax error"));
+      YYCASE_(1, YY_("syntax error, unexpected %s"));
+      YYCASE_(2, YY_("syntax error, unexpected %s, expecting %s"));
+      YYCASE_(3, YY_("syntax error, unexpected %s, expecting %s or %s"));
+      YYCASE_(4, YY_("syntax error, unexpected %s, expecting %s or %s or %s"));
+      YYCASE_(5, YY_("syntax error, unexpected %s, expecting %s or %s or %s or %s"));
+# undef YYCASE_
+    }
+
+  {
+    YYSIZE_T yysize1 = yysize + yystrlen (yyformat);
+    if (! (yysize <= yysize1 && yysize1 <= YYSTACK_ALLOC_MAXIMUM))
+      return 2;
+    yysize = yysize1;
+  }
+
+  if (*yymsg_alloc < yysize)
+    {
+      *yymsg_alloc = 2 * yysize;
+      if (! (yysize <= *yymsg_alloc
+             && *yymsg_alloc <= YYSTACK_ALLOC_MAXIMUM))
+        *yymsg_alloc = YYSTACK_ALLOC_MAXIMUM;
+      return 1;
+    }
+
+  /* Avoid sprintf, as that infringes on the user's name space.
+     Don't have undefined behavior even if the translation
+     produced a string with the wrong number of "%s"s.  */
+  {
+    char *yyp = *yymsg;
+    int yyi = 0;
+    while ((*yyp = *yyformat) != '\0')
+      if (*yyp == '%' && yyformat[1] == 's' && yyi < yycount)
+        {
+          yyp += yytnamerr (yyp, yyarg[yyi++]);
+          yyformat += 2;
+        }
+      else
+        {
+          yyp++;
+          yyformat++;
+        }
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+#endif /* YYERROR_VERBOSE */
+
+/*-----------------------------------------------.
+| Release the memory associated to this symbol.  |
+`-----------------------------------------------*/
+
+static void
+yydestruct (const char *yymsg, int yytype, YYSTYPE *yyvaluep)
+{
+  YYUSE (yyvaluep);
+  if (!yymsg)
+    yymsg = "Deleting";
+  YY_SYMBOL_PRINT (yymsg, yytype, yyvaluep, yylocationp);
+
+  YY_IGNORE_MAYBE_UNINITIALIZED_BEGIN
+  YYUSE (yytype);
+  YY_IGNORE_MAYBE_UNINITIALIZED_END
+}
+
+
+
+
+/* The lookahead symbol.  */
+int yychar;
+
+/* The semantic value of the lookahead symbol.  */
+YYSTYPE yylval;
+/* Number of syntax errors so far.  */
+int yynerrs;
+
+
+/*----------.
+| yyparse.  |
+`----------*/
+
+int
+yyparse (void)
+{
+    int yystate;
+    /* Number of tokens to shift before error messages enabled.  */
+    int yyerrstatus;
+
+    /* The stacks and their tools:
+       'yyss': related to states.
+       'yyvs': related to semantic values.
+
+       Refer to the stacks through separate pointers, to allow yyoverflow
+       to reallocate them elsewhere.  */
+
+    /* The state stack.  */
+    yytype_int16 yyssa[YYINITDEPTH];
+    yytype_int16 *yyss;
+    yytype_int16 *yyssp;
+
+    /* The semantic value stack.  */
+    YYSTYPE yyvsa[YYINITDEPTH];
+    YYSTYPE *yyvs;
+    YYSTYPE *yyvsp;
+
+    YYSIZE_T yystacksize;
+
+  int yyn;
+  int yyresult;
+  /* Lookahead token as an internal (translated) token number.  */
+  int yytoken = 0;
+  /* The variables used to return semantic value and location from the
+     action routines.  */
+  YYSTYPE yyval;
+
+#if YYERROR_VERBOSE
+  /* Buffer for error messages, and its allocated size.  */
+  char yymsgbuf[128];
+  char *yymsg = yymsgbuf;
+  YYSIZE_T yymsg_alloc = sizeof yymsgbuf;
+#endif
+
+#define YYPOPSTACK(N)   (yyvsp -= (N), yyssp -= (N))
+
+  /* The number of symbols on the RHS of the reduced rule.
+     Keep to zero when no symbol should be popped.  */
+  int yylen = 0;
+
+  yyssp = yyss = yyssa;
+  yyvsp = yyvs = yyvsa;
+  yystacksize = YYINITDEPTH;
+
+  YYDPRINTF ((stderr, "Starting parse\n"));
+
+  yystate = 0;
+  yyerrstatus = 0;
+  yynerrs = 0;
+  yychar = YYEMPTY; /* Cause a token to be read.  */
+  goto yysetstate;
+
+/*------------------------------------------------------------.
+| yynewstate -- Push a new state, which is found in yystate.  |
+`------------------------------------------------------------*/
+ yynewstate:
+  /* In all cases, when you get here, the value and location stacks
+     have just been pushed.  So pushing a state here evens the stacks.  */
+  yyssp++;
+
+ yysetstate:
+  *yyssp = yystate;
+
+  if (yyss + yystacksize - 1 <= yyssp)
+    {
+      /* Get the current used size of the three stacks, in elements.  */
+      YYSIZE_T yysize = yyssp - yyss + 1;
+
+#ifdef yyoverflow
+      {
+        /* Give user a chance to reallocate the stack.  Use copies of
+           these so that the &'s don't force the real ones into
+           memory.  */
+        YYSTYPE *yyvs1 = yyvs;
+        yytype_int16 *yyss1 = yyss;
+
+        /* Each stack pointer address is followed by the size of the
+           data in use in that stack, in bytes.  This used to be a
+           conditional around just the two extra args, but that might
+           be undefined if yyoverflow is a macro.  */
+        yyoverflow (YY_("memory exhausted"),
+                    &yyss1, yysize * sizeof (*yyssp),
+                    &yyvs1, yysize * sizeof (*yyvsp),
+                    &yystacksize);
+
+        yyss = yyss1;
+        yyvs = yyvs1;
+      }
+#else /* no yyoverflow */
+# ifndef YYSTACK_RELOCATE
+      goto yyexhaustedlab;
+# else
+      /* Extend the stack our own way.  */
+      if (YYMAXDEPTH <= yystacksize)
+        goto yyexhaustedlab;
+      yystacksize *= 2;
+      if (YYMAXDEPTH < yystacksize)
+        yystacksize = YYMAXDEPTH;
+
+      {
+        yytype_int16 *yyss1 = yyss;
+        union yyalloc *yyptr =
+          (union yyalloc *) YYSTACK_ALLOC (YYSTACK_BYTES (yystacksize));
+        if (! yyptr)
+          goto yyexhaustedlab;
+        YYSTACK_RELOCATE (yyss_alloc, yyss);
+        YYSTACK_RELOCATE (yyvs_alloc, yyvs);
+#  undef YYSTACK_RELOCATE
+        if (yyss1 != yyssa)
+          YYSTACK_FREE (yyss1);
+      }
+# endif
+#endif /* no yyoverflow */
+
+      yyssp = yyss + yysize - 1;
+      yyvsp = yyvs + yysize - 1;
+
+      YYDPRINTF ((stderr, "Stack size increased to %lu\n",
+                  (unsigned long int) yystacksize));
+
+      if (yyss + yystacksize - 1 <= yyssp)
+        YYABORT;
+    }
+
+  YYDPRINTF ((stderr, "Entering state %d\n", yystate));
+
+  if (yystate == YYFINAL)
+    YYACCEPT;
+
+  goto yybackup;
+
+/*-----------.
+| yybackup.  |
+`-----------*/
+yybackup:
+
+  /* Do appropriate processing given the current state.  Read a
+     lookahead token if we need one and don't already have one.  */
+
+  /* First try to decide what to do without reference to lookahead token.  */
+  yyn = yypact[yystate];
+  if (yypact_value_is_default (yyn))
+    goto yydefault;
+
+  /* Not known => get a lookahead token if don't already have one.  */
+
+  /* YYCHAR is either YYEMPTY or YYEOF or a valid lookahead symbol.  */
+  if (yychar == YYEMPTY)
+    {
+      YYDPRINTF ((stderr, "Reading a token: "));
+      yychar = yylex ();
+    }
+
+  if (yychar <= YYEOF)
+    {
+      yychar = yytoken = YYEOF;
+      YYDPRINTF ((stderr, "Now at end of input.\n"));
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      yytoken = YYTRANSLATE (yychar);
+      YY_SYMBOL_PRINT ("Next token is", yytoken, &yylval, &yylloc);
+    }
+
+  /* If the proper action on seeing token YYTOKEN is to reduce or to
+     detect an error, take that action.  */
+  yyn += yytoken;
+  if (yyn < 0 || YYLAST < yyn || yycheck[yyn] != yytoken)
+    goto yydefault;
+  yyn = yytable[yyn];
+  if (yyn <= 0)
+    {
+      if (yytable_value_is_error (yyn))
+        goto yyerrlab;
+      yyn = -yyn;
+      goto yyreduce;
+    }
+
+  /* Count tokens shifted since error; after three, turn off error
+     status.  */
+  if (yyerrstatus)
+    yyerrstatus--;
+
+  /* Shift the lookahead token.  */
+  YY_SYMBOL_PRINT ("Shifting", yytoken, &yylval, &yylloc);
+
+  /* Discard the shifted token.  */
+  yychar = YYEMPTY;
+
+  yystate = yyn;
+  YY_IGNORE_MAYBE_UNINITIALIZED_BEGIN
+  *++yyvsp = yylval;
+  YY_IGNORE_MAYBE_UNINITIALIZED_END
+
+  goto yynewstate;
+
+
+/*-----------------------------------------------------------.
+| yydefault -- do the default action for the current state.  |
+`-----------------------------------------------------------*/
+yydefault:
+  yyn = yydefact[yystate];
+  if (yyn == 0)
+    goto yyerrlab;
+  goto yyreduce;
+
+
+/*-----------------------------.
+| yyreduce -- Do a reduction.  |
+`-----------------------------*/
+yyreduce:
+  /* yyn is the number of a rule to reduce with.  */
+  yylen = yyr2[yyn];
+
+  /* If YYLEN is nonzero, implement the default value of the action:
+     '$$ = $1'.
+
+     Otherwise, the following line sets YYVAL to garbage.
+     This behavior is undocumented and Bison
+     users should not rely upon it.  Assigning to YYVAL
+     unconditionally makes the parser a bit smaller, and it avoids a
+     GCC warning that YYVAL may be used uninitialized.  */
+  yyval = yyvsp[1-yylen];
+
+
+  YY_REDUCE_PRINT (yyn);
+  switch (yyn)
+    {
+        case 2:
+#line 80 "fmd_parser.y" /* yacc.c:1646  */
+    {
+	if (!(res = parse_descriptor((yyvsp[-3].strval), (yyvsp[-2].maybe_intval), (yyvsp[-1].maybe_intval), (yyvsp[0].region_listhdr))))
+		YYABORT;
+}
+#line 1260 "y.tab.c" /* yacc.c:1646  */
+    break;
+
+  case 3:
+#line 86 "fmd_parser.y" /* yacc.c:1646  */
+    {
+	struct flashmap_descriptor *node = parse_descriptor((yyvsp[-4].strval), (yyvsp[-2].maybe_intval), (yyvsp[-1].maybe_intval), (yyvsp[0].region_listhdr));
+	if (!node)
+		YYABORT;
+
+	char *annotation = (yyvsp[-3].strval);
+	if (annotation && !fmd_process_annotation_impl(node, annotation)) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: Section '%s' has unexpected annotation '(%s)'\n",
+							node->name, annotation);
+		YYABORT;
+	}
+	free(annotation);
+
+	(yyval.region_ptr) = node;
+}
+#line 1280 "y.tab.c" /* yacc.c:1646  */
+    break;
+
+  case 4:
+#line 102 "fmd_parser.y" /* yacc.c:1646  */
+    {
+	if (!(yyvsp[0].strval)) {
+		perror("ERROR: While allocating section name");
+		YYABORT;
+	}
+}
+#line 1291 "y.tab.c" /* yacc.c:1646  */
+    break;
+
+  case 5:
+#line 108 "fmd_parser.y" /* yacc.c:1646  */
+    { (yyval.strval) = NULL; }
+#line 1297 "y.tab.c" /* yacc.c:1646  */
+    break;
+
+  case 7:
+#line 110 "fmd_parser.y" /* yacc.c:1646  */
+    { (yyval.strval) = (yyvsp[-1].strval); }
+#line 1303 "y.tab.c" /* yacc.c:1646  */
+    break;
+
+  case 8:
+#line 111 "fmd_parser.y" /* yacc.c:1646  */
+    { (yyval.maybe_intval) = (struct unsigned_option){false, 0}; }
+#line 1309 "y.tab.c" /* yacc.c:1646  */
+    break;
+
+  case 10:
+#line 113 "fmd_parser.y" /* yacc.c:1646  */
+    { (yyval.maybe_intval) = (struct unsigned_option){true, (yyvsp[0].intval)}; }
+#line 1315 "y.tab.c" /* yacc.c:1646  */
+    break;
+
+  case 11:
+#line 114 "fmd_parser.y" /* yacc.c:1646  */
+    { (yyval.maybe_intval) = (struct unsigned_option){false, 0}; }
+#line 1321 "y.tab.c" /* yacc.c:1646  */
+    break;
+
+  case 13:
+#line 116 "fmd_parser.y" /* yacc.c:1646  */
+    { (yyval.maybe_intval) = (struct unsigned_option){true, (yyvsp[0].intval)}; }
+#line 1327 "y.tab.c" /* yacc.c:1646  */
+    break;
+
+  case 14:
+#line 118 "fmd_parser.y" /* yacc.c:1646  */
+    {
+	(yyval.region_listhdr) = (struct descriptor_list)
+					{.len = 0, .head = NULL, .tail = NULL};
+}
+#line 1336 "y.tab.c" /* yacc.c:1646  */
+    break;
+
+  case 16:
+#line 123 "fmd_parser.y" /* yacc.c:1646  */
+    { (yyval.region_listhdr) = (yyvsp[-1].region_listhdr); }
+#line 1342 "y.tab.c" /* yacc.c:1646  */
+    break;
+
+  case 17:
+#line 125 "fmd_parser.y" /* yacc.c:1646  */
+    {
+	struct descriptor_node *node = malloc(sizeof(*node));
+	if (!node) {
+		perror("ERROR: While allocating linked list node");
+		YYABORT;
+	}
+	node->val = (yyvsp[0].region_ptr);
+	node->next = NULL;
+	(yyval.region_listhdr) = (struct descriptor_list){.len = 1, .head = node, .tail = node};
+}
+#line 1357 "y.tab.c" /* yacc.c:1646  */
+    break;
+
+  case 18:
+#line 136 "fmd_parser.y" /* yacc.c:1646  */
+    {
+	struct descriptor_node *node = malloc(sizeof(*node));
+	if (!node) {
+		perror("ERROR: While allocating linked list node");
+		YYABORT;
+	}
+	node->val = (yyvsp[0].region_ptr);
+	node->next = NULL;
+
+	(yyvsp[-1].region_listhdr).tail->next = node;
+	(yyval.region_listhdr) = (struct descriptor_list)
+			{.len = (yyvsp[-1].region_listhdr).len + 1, .head = (yyvsp[-1].region_listhdr).head, .tail = node};
+}
+#line 1375 "y.tab.c" /* yacc.c:1646  */
+    break;
+
+
+#line 1379 "y.tab.c" /* yacc.c:1646  */
+      default: break;
+    }
+  /* User semantic actions sometimes alter yychar, and that requires
+     that yytoken be updated with the new translation.  We take the
+     approach of translating immediately before every use of yytoken.
+     One alternative is translating here after every semantic action,
+     but that translation would be missed if the semantic action invokes
+     YYABORT, YYACCEPT, or YYERROR immediately after altering yychar or
+     if it invokes YYBACKUP.  In the case of YYABORT or YYACCEPT, an
+     incorrect destructor might then be invoked immediately.  In the
+     case of YYERROR or YYBACKUP, subsequent parser actions might lead
+     to an incorrect destructor call or verbose syntax error message
+     before the lookahead is translated.  */
+  YY_SYMBOL_PRINT ("-> $$ =", yyr1[yyn], &yyval, &yyloc);
+
+  YYPOPSTACK (yylen);
+  yylen = 0;
+  YY_STACK_PRINT (yyss, yyssp);
+
+  *++yyvsp = yyval;
+
+  /* Now 'shift' the result of the reduction.  Determine what state
+     that goes to, based on the state we popped back to and the rule
+     number reduced by.  */
+
+  yyn = yyr1[yyn];
+
+  yystate = yypgoto[yyn - YYNTOKENS] + *yyssp;
+  if (0 <= yystate && yystate <= YYLAST && yycheck[yystate] == *yyssp)
+    yystate = yytable[yystate];
+  else
+    yystate = yydefgoto[yyn - YYNTOKENS];
+
+  goto yynewstate;
+
+
+/*--------------------------------------.
+| yyerrlab -- here on detecting error.  |
+`--------------------------------------*/
+yyerrlab:
+  /* Make sure we have latest lookahead translation.  See comments at
+     user semantic actions for why this is necessary.  */
+  yytoken = yychar == YYEMPTY ? YYEMPTY : YYTRANSLATE (yychar);
+
+  /* If not already recovering from an error, report this error.  */
+  if (!yyerrstatus)
+    {
+      ++yynerrs;
+#if ! YYERROR_VERBOSE
+      yyerror (YY_("syntax error"));
+#else
+# define YYSYNTAX_ERROR yysyntax_error (&yymsg_alloc, &yymsg, \
+                                        yyssp, yytoken)
+      {
+        char const *yymsgp = YY_("syntax error");
+        int yysyntax_error_status;
+        yysyntax_error_status = YYSYNTAX_ERROR;
+        if (yysyntax_error_status == 0)
+          yymsgp = yymsg;
+        else if (yysyntax_error_status == 1)
+          {
+            if (yymsg != yymsgbuf)
+              YYSTACK_FREE (yymsg);
+            yymsg = (char *) YYSTACK_ALLOC (yymsg_alloc);
+            if (!yymsg)
+              {
+                yymsg = yymsgbuf;
+                yymsg_alloc = sizeof yymsgbuf;
+                yysyntax_error_status = 2;
+              }
+            else
+              {
+                yysyntax_error_status = YYSYNTAX_ERROR;
+                yymsgp = yymsg;
+              }
+          }
+        yyerror (yymsgp);
+        if (yysyntax_error_status == 2)
+          goto yyexhaustedlab;
+      }
+# undef YYSYNTAX_ERROR
+#endif
+    }
+
+
+
+  if (yyerrstatus == 3)
+    {
+      /* If just tried and failed to reuse lookahead token after an
+         error, discard it.  */
+
+      if (yychar <= YYEOF)
+        {
+          /* Return failure if at end of input.  */
+          if (yychar == YYEOF)
+            YYABORT;
+        }
+      else
+        {
+          yydestruct ("Error: discarding",
+                      yytoken, &yylval);
+          yychar = YYEMPTY;
+        }
+    }
+
+  /* Else will try to reuse lookahead token after shifting the error
+     token.  */
+  goto yyerrlab1;
+
+
+/*---------------------------------------------------.
+| yyerrorlab -- error raised explicitly by YYERROR.  |
+`---------------------------------------------------*/
+yyerrorlab:
+
+  /* Pacify compilers like GCC when the user code never invokes
+     YYERROR and the label yyerrorlab therefore never appears in user
+     code.  */
+  if (/*CONSTCOND*/ 0)
+     goto yyerrorlab;
+
+  /* Do not reclaim the symbols of the rule whose action triggered
+     this YYERROR.  */
+  YYPOPSTACK (yylen);
+  yylen = 0;
+  YY_STACK_PRINT (yyss, yyssp);
+  yystate = *yyssp;
+  goto yyerrlab1;
+
+
+/*-------------------------------------------------------------.
+| yyerrlab1 -- common code for both syntax error and YYERROR.  |
+`-------------------------------------------------------------*/
+yyerrlab1:
+  yyerrstatus = 3;      /* Each real token shifted decrements this.  */
+
+  for (;;)
+    {
+      yyn = yypact[yystate];
+      if (!yypact_value_is_default (yyn))
+        {
+          yyn += YYTERROR;
+          if (0 <= yyn && yyn <= YYLAST && yycheck[yyn] == YYTERROR)
+            {
+              yyn = yytable[yyn];
+              if (0 < yyn)
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+      /* Pop the current state because it cannot handle the error token.  */
+      if (yyssp == yyss)
+        YYABORT;
+
+
+      yydestruct ("Error: popping",
+                  yystos[yystate], yyvsp);
+      YYPOPSTACK (1);
+      yystate = *yyssp;
+      YY_STACK_PRINT (yyss, yyssp);
+    }
+
+  YY_IGNORE_MAYBE_UNINITIALIZED_BEGIN
+  *++yyvsp = yylval;
+  YY_IGNORE_MAYBE_UNINITIALIZED_END
+
+
+  /* Shift the error token.  */
+  YY_SYMBOL_PRINT ("Shifting", yystos[yyn], yyvsp, yylsp);
+
+  yystate = yyn;
+  goto yynewstate;
+
+
+/*-------------------------------------.
+| yyacceptlab -- YYACCEPT comes here.  |
+`-------------------------------------*/
+yyacceptlab:
+  yyresult = 0;
+  goto yyreturn;
+
+/*-----------------------------------.
+| yyabortlab -- YYABORT comes here.  |
+`-----------------------------------*/
+yyabortlab:
+  yyresult = 1;
+  goto yyreturn;
+
+#if !defined yyoverflow || YYERROR_VERBOSE
+/*-------------------------------------------------.
+| yyexhaustedlab -- memory exhaustion comes here.  |
+`-------------------------------------------------*/
+yyexhaustedlab:
+  yyerror (YY_("memory exhausted"));
+  yyresult = 2;
+  /* Fall through.  */
+#endif
+
+yyreturn:
+  if (yychar != YYEMPTY)
+    {
+      /* Make sure we have latest lookahead translation.  See comments at
+         user semantic actions for why this is necessary.  */
+      yytoken = YYTRANSLATE (yychar);
+      yydestruct ("Cleanup: discarding lookahead",
+                  yytoken, &yylval);
+    }
+  /* Do not reclaim the symbols of the rule whose action triggered
+     this YYABORT or YYACCEPT.  */
+  YYPOPSTACK (yylen);
+  YY_STACK_PRINT (yyss, yyssp);
+  while (yyssp != yyss)
+    {
+      yydestruct ("Cleanup: popping",
+                  yystos[*yyssp], yyvsp);
+      YYPOPSTACK (1);
+    }
+#ifndef yyoverflow
+  if (yyss != yyssa)
+    YYSTACK_FREE (yyss);
+#endif
+#if YYERROR_VERBOSE
+  if (yymsg != yymsgbuf)
+    YYSTACK_FREE (yymsg);
+#endif
+  return yyresult;
+}
+#line 150 "fmd_parser.y" /* yacc.c:1906  */
+
+
+struct flashmap_descriptor *parse_descriptor(char *name,
+	struct unsigned_option offset, struct unsigned_option size,
+					struct descriptor_list children)
+{
+	struct flashmap_descriptor *region = malloc(sizeof(*region));
+	if (!region) {
+		perror("ERROR: While allocating descriptor section");
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	region->name = name;
+	region->offset_known = offset.val_known;
+	region->offset = offset.val;
+	region->size_known = size.val_known;
+	region->size = size.val;
+	region->list_len = children.len;
+	if (region->list_len) {
+		region->list = malloc(region->list_len * sizeof(*region->list));
+		if (!region->list) {
+			perror("ERROR: While allocating node children array");
+			return NULL;
+		}
+		struct descriptor_node *cur_node = children.head;
+		for (unsigned idx = 0; idx < region->list_len; ++idx) {
+			region->list[idx] = cur_node->val;
+
+			struct descriptor_node *next_node = cur_node->next;
+			free(cur_node);
+			cur_node = next_node;
+		}
+	} else {
+		region->list = NULL;
+	}
+	return region;
+}
+
+void yyerror(const char *s)
+{
+	fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", s);
+}
diff --git a/util/cbfstool/fmd_parser.h b/util/cbfstool/fmd_parser.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..393a8ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/util/cbfstool/fmd_parser.h
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+/* A Bison parser, made by GNU Bison 3.0.2.  */
+
+/* Bison interface for Yacc-like parsers in C
+
+   Copyright (C) 1984, 1989-1990, 2000-2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+   This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+   the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+   (at your option) any later version.
+
+   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+   GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+   along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.  */
+
+/* As a special exception, you may create a larger work that contains
+   part or all of the Bison parser skeleton and distribute that work
+   under terms of your choice, so long as that work isn't itself a
+   parser generator using the skeleton or a modified version thereof
+   as a parser skeleton.  Alternatively, if you modify or redistribute
+   the parser skeleton itself, you may (at your option) remove this
+   special exception, which will cause the skeleton and the resulting
+   Bison output files to be licensed under the GNU General Public
+   License without this special exception.
+
+   This special exception was added by the Free Software Foundation in
+   version 2.2 of Bison.  */
+
+#ifndef YY_YY_Y_TAB_H_INCLUDED
+# define YY_YY_Y_TAB_H_INCLUDED
+/* Debug traces.  */
+#ifndef YYDEBUG
+# define YYDEBUG 0
+#endif
+#if YYDEBUG
+extern int yydebug;
+#endif
+/* "%code requires" blocks.  */
+#line 36 "fmd_parser.y" /* yacc.c:1909  */
+
+#include "fmd.h"
+#include "option.h"
+
+#include <stdbool.h>
+
+struct descriptor_node {
+	struct flashmap_descriptor *val;
+	struct descriptor_node *next;
+};
+
+struct descriptor_list {
+	size_t len;
+	struct descriptor_node *head;
+	struct descriptor_node *tail;
+};
+
+extern struct flashmap_descriptor *res;
+
+struct flashmap_descriptor *parse_descriptor(char *name,
+	struct unsigned_option offset, struct unsigned_option size,
+					struct descriptor_list children);
+void yyerror(const char *s);
+
+#line 69 "y.tab.h" /* yacc.c:1909  */
+
+/* Token type.  */
+#ifndef YYTOKENTYPE
+# define YYTOKENTYPE
+  enum yytokentype
+  {
+    INTEGER = 258,
+    OCTAL = 259,
+    STRING = 260
+  };
+#endif
+/* Tokens.  */
+#define INTEGER 258
+#define OCTAL 259
+#define STRING 260
+
+/* Value type.  */
+#if ! defined YYSTYPE && ! defined YYSTYPE_IS_DECLARED
+typedef union YYSTYPE YYSTYPE;
+union YYSTYPE
+{
+#line 28 "fmd_parser.y" /* yacc.c:1909  */
+
+	unsigned intval;
+	char *strval;
+	struct unsigned_option maybe_intval;
+	struct flashmap_descriptor *region_ptr;
+	struct descriptor_list region_listhdr;
+
+#line 99 "y.tab.h" /* yacc.c:1909  */
+};
+# define YYSTYPE_IS_TRIVIAL 1
+# define YYSTYPE_IS_DECLARED 1
+#endif
+
+
+extern YYSTYPE yylval;
+
+int yyparse (void);
+
+#endif /* !YY_YY_Y_TAB_H_INCLUDED  */
diff --git a/util/cbfstool/fmd_parser.y b/util/cbfstool/fmd_parser.y
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..292fba3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/util/cbfstool/fmd_parser.y
@@ -0,0 +1,190 @@
+/*
+ * fmd_parser.y, parser generator for flashmap descriptor language
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2015 Google, Inc.
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; version 2 of the License.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA, 02110-1301 USA
+ */
+
+%{
+#include "fmd_scanner.h"
+
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+struct flashmap_descriptor *res = NULL;
+%}
+
+%union {
+	unsigned intval;
+	char *strval;
+	struct unsigned_option maybe_intval;
+	struct flashmap_descriptor *region_ptr;
+	struct descriptor_list region_listhdr;
+}
+
+%code requires {
+#include "fmd.h"
+#include "option.h"
+
+#include <stdbool.h>
+
+struct descriptor_node {
+	struct flashmap_descriptor *val;
+	struct descriptor_node *next;
+};
+
+struct descriptor_list {
+	size_t len;
+	struct descriptor_node *head;
+	struct descriptor_node *tail;
+};
+
+extern struct flashmap_descriptor *res;
+
+struct flashmap_descriptor *parse_descriptor(char *name,
+	struct unsigned_option offset, struct unsigned_option size,
+					struct descriptor_list children);
+void yyerror(const char *s);
+}
+
+%token <intval> INTEGER
+%token OCTAL
+%token <strval> STRING
+
+%type <region_ptr> flash_region
+%type <strval> region_name
+%type <strval> region_annotation_opt
+%type <strval> region_annotation
+%type <maybe_intval> region_offset_opt
+%type <maybe_intval> region_offset
+%type <maybe_intval> region_size_opt
+%type <maybe_intval> region_size
+%type <region_listhdr> region_list_opt
+%type <region_listhdr> region_list
+%type <region_listhdr> region_list_entries
+
+%%
+
+flash_chip: region_name region_offset_opt region_size region_list
+{
+	if (!(res = parse_descriptor($1, $2, $3, $4)))
+		YYABORT;
+};
+flash_region: region_name region_annotation_opt region_offset_opt
+						region_size_opt region_list_opt
+{
+	struct flashmap_descriptor *node = parse_descriptor($1, $3, $4, $5);
+	if (!node)
+		YYABORT;
+
+	char *annotation = $2;
+	if (annotation && !fmd_process_annotation_impl(node, annotation)) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: Section '%s' has unexpected annotation '(%s)'\n",
+							node->name, annotation);
+		YYABORT;
+	}
+	free(annotation);
+
+	$$ = node;
+};
+region_name: STRING
+{
+	if (!$1) {
+		perror("ERROR: While allocating section name");
+		YYABORT;
+	}
+};
+region_annotation_opt: { $$ = NULL; }
+	| region_annotation;
+region_annotation: '(' STRING ')' { $$ = $2; };
+region_offset_opt: { $$ = (struct unsigned_option){false, 0}; }
+	| region_offset;
+region_offset: '@' INTEGER { $$ = (struct unsigned_option){true, $2}; };
+region_size_opt: { $$ = (struct unsigned_option){false, 0}; }
+	| region_size;
+region_size: INTEGER { $$ = (struct unsigned_option){true, $1}; };
+region_list_opt:
+{
+	$$ = (struct descriptor_list)
+					{.len = 0, .head = NULL, .tail = NULL};
+}
+	| region_list;
+region_list: '{' region_list_entries '}' { $$ = $2; };
+region_list_entries: flash_region
+{
+	struct descriptor_node *node = malloc(sizeof(*node));
+	if (!node) {
+		perror("ERROR: While allocating linked list node");
+		YYABORT;
+	}
+	node->val = $1;
+	node->next = NULL;
+	$$ = (struct descriptor_list){.len = 1, .head = node, .tail = node};
+}
+	| region_list_entries flash_region
+{
+	struct descriptor_node *node = malloc(sizeof(*node));
+	if (!node) {
+		perror("ERROR: While allocating linked list node");
+		YYABORT;
+	}
+	node->val = $2;
+	node->next = NULL;
+
+	$1.tail->next = node;
+	$$ = (struct descriptor_list)
+			{.len = $1.len + 1, .head = $1.head, .tail = node};
+};
+
+%%
+
+struct flashmap_descriptor *parse_descriptor(char *name,
+	struct unsigned_option offset, struct unsigned_option size,
+					struct descriptor_list children)
+{
+	struct flashmap_descriptor *region = malloc(sizeof(*region));
+	if (!region) {
+		perror("ERROR: While allocating descriptor section");
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	region->name = name;
+	region->offset_known = offset.val_known;
+	region->offset = offset.val;
+	region->size_known = size.val_known;
+	region->size = size.val;
+	region->list_len = children.len;
+	if (region->list_len) {
+		region->list = malloc(region->list_len * sizeof(*region->list));
+		if (!region->list) {
+			perror("ERROR: While allocating node children array");
+			return NULL;
+		}
+		struct descriptor_node *cur_node = children.head;
+		for (unsigned idx = 0; idx < region->list_len; ++idx) {
+			region->list[idx] = cur_node->val;
+
+			struct descriptor_node *next_node = cur_node->next;
+			free(cur_node);
+			cur_node = next_node;
+		}
+	} else {
+		region->list = NULL;
+	}
+	return region;
+}
+
+void yyerror(const char *s)
+{
+	fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", s);
+}
diff --git a/util/cbfstool/fmd_scanner.c b/util/cbfstool/fmd_scanner.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d0d93d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/util/cbfstool/fmd_scanner.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1852 @@
+
+#line 3 "<stdout>"
+
+#define  YY_INT_ALIGNED short int
+
+/* A lexical scanner generated by flex */
+
+#define FLEX_SCANNER
+#define YY_FLEX_MAJOR_VERSION 2
+#define YY_FLEX_MINOR_VERSION 5
+#define YY_FLEX_SUBMINOR_VERSION 39
+#if YY_FLEX_SUBMINOR_VERSION > 0
+#define FLEX_BETA
+#endif
+
+/* First, we deal with  platform-specific or compiler-specific issues. */
+
+/* begin standard C headers. */
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+/* end standard C headers. */
+
+/* flex integer type definitions */
+
+#ifndef FLEXINT_H
+#define FLEXINT_H
+
+/* C99 systems have <inttypes.h>. Non-C99 systems may or may not. */
+
+#if defined (__STDC_VERSION__) && __STDC_VERSION__ >= 199901L
+
+/* C99 says to define __STDC_LIMIT_MACROS before including stdint.h,
+ * if you want the limit (max/min) macros for int types. 
+ */
+#ifndef __STDC_LIMIT_MACROS
+#define __STDC_LIMIT_MACROS 1
+#endif
+
+#include <inttypes.h>
+typedef int8_t flex_int8_t;
+typedef uint8_t flex_uint8_t;
+typedef int16_t flex_int16_t;
+typedef uint16_t flex_uint16_t;
+typedef int32_t flex_int32_t;
+typedef uint32_t flex_uint32_t;
+#else
+typedef signed char flex_int8_t;
+typedef short int flex_int16_t;
+typedef int flex_int32_t;
+typedef unsigned char flex_uint8_t; 
+typedef unsigned short int flex_uint16_t;
+typedef unsigned int flex_uint32_t;
+
+/* Limits of integral types. */
+#ifndef INT8_MIN
+#define INT8_MIN               (-128)
+#endif
+#ifndef INT16_MIN
+#define INT16_MIN              (-32767-1)
+#endif
+#ifndef INT32_MIN
+#define INT32_MIN              (-2147483647-1)
+#endif
+#ifndef INT8_MAX
+#define INT8_MAX               (127)
+#endif
+#ifndef INT16_MAX
+#define INT16_MAX              (32767)
+#endif
+#ifndef INT32_MAX
+#define INT32_MAX              (2147483647)
+#endif
+#ifndef UINT8_MAX
+#define UINT8_MAX              (255U)
+#endif
+#ifndef UINT16_MAX
+#define UINT16_MAX             (65535U)
+#endif
+#ifndef UINT32_MAX
+#define UINT32_MAX             (4294967295U)
+#endif
+
+#endif /* ! C99 */
+
+#endif /* ! FLEXINT_H */
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+
+/* The "const" storage-class-modifier is valid. */
+#define YY_USE_CONST
+
+#else	/* ! __cplusplus */
+
+/* C99 requires __STDC__ to be defined as 1. */
+#if defined (__STDC__)
+
+#define YY_USE_CONST
+
+#endif	/* defined (__STDC__) */
+#endif	/* ! __cplusplus */
+
+#ifdef YY_USE_CONST
+#define yyconst const
+#else
+#define yyconst
+#endif
+
+/* Returned upon end-of-file. */
+#define YY_NULL 0
+
+/* Promotes a possibly negative, possibly signed char to an unsigned
+ * integer for use as an array index.  If the signed char is negative,
+ * we want to instead treat it as an 8-bit unsigned char, hence the
+ * double cast.
+ */
+#define YY_SC_TO_UI(c) ((unsigned int) (unsigned char) c)
+
+/* Enter a start condition.  This macro really ought to take a parameter,
+ * but we do it the disgusting crufty way forced on us by the ()-less
+ * definition of BEGIN.
+ */
+#define BEGIN (yy_start) = 1 + 2 *
+
+/* Translate the current start state into a value that can be later handed
+ * to BEGIN to return to the state.  The YYSTATE alias is for lex
+ * compatibility.
+ */
+#define YY_START (((yy_start) - 1) / 2)
+#define YYSTATE YY_START
+
+/* Action number for EOF rule of a given start state. */
+#define YY_STATE_EOF(state) (YY_END_OF_BUFFER + state + 1)
+
+/* Special action meaning "start processing a new file". */
+#define YY_NEW_FILE yyrestart(yyin  )
+
+#define YY_END_OF_BUFFER_CHAR 0
+
+/* Size of default input buffer. */
+#ifndef YY_BUF_SIZE
+#ifdef __ia64__
+/* On IA-64, the buffer size is 16k, not 8k.
+ * Moreover, YY_BUF_SIZE is 2*YY_READ_BUF_SIZE in the general case.
+ * Ditto for the __ia64__ case accordingly.
+ */
+#define YY_BUF_SIZE 32768
+#else
+#define YY_BUF_SIZE 16384
+#endif /* __ia64__ */
+#endif
+
+/* The state buf must be large enough to hold one state per character in the main buffer.
+ */
+#define YY_STATE_BUF_SIZE   ((YY_BUF_SIZE + 2) * sizeof(yy_state_type))
+
+#ifndef YY_TYPEDEF_YY_BUFFER_STATE
+#define YY_TYPEDEF_YY_BUFFER_STATE
+typedef struct yy_buffer_state *YY_BUFFER_STATE;
+#endif
+
+#ifndef YY_TYPEDEF_YY_SIZE_T
+#define YY_TYPEDEF_YY_SIZE_T
+typedef size_t yy_size_t;
+#endif
+
+extern yy_size_t yyleng;
+
+extern FILE *yyin, *yyout;
+
+#define EOB_ACT_CONTINUE_SCAN 0
+#define EOB_ACT_END_OF_FILE 1
+#define EOB_ACT_LAST_MATCH 2
+
+    #define YY_LESS_LINENO(n)
+    #define YY_LINENO_REWIND_TO(ptr)
+    
+/* Return all but the first "n" matched characters back to the input stream. */
+#define yyless(n) \
+	do \
+		{ \
+		/* Undo effects of setting up yytext. */ \
+        int yyless_macro_arg = (n); \
+        YY_LESS_LINENO(yyless_macro_arg);\
+		*yy_cp = (yy_hold_char); \
+		YY_RESTORE_YY_MORE_OFFSET \
+		(yy_c_buf_p) = yy_cp = yy_bp + yyless_macro_arg - YY_MORE_ADJ; \
+		YY_DO_BEFORE_ACTION; /* set up yytext again */ \
+		} \
+	while ( 0 )
+
+#define unput(c) yyunput( c, (yytext_ptr)  )
+
+#ifndef YY_STRUCT_YY_BUFFER_STATE
+#define YY_STRUCT_YY_BUFFER_STATE
+struct yy_buffer_state
+	{
+	FILE *yy_input_file;
+
+	char *yy_ch_buf;		/* input buffer */
+	char *yy_buf_pos;		/* current position in input buffer */
+
+	/* Size of input buffer in bytes, not including room for EOB
+	 * characters.
+	 */
+	yy_size_t yy_buf_size;
+
+	/* Number of characters read into yy_ch_buf, not including EOB
+	 * characters.
+	 */
+	yy_size_t yy_n_chars;
+
+	/* Whether we "own" the buffer - i.e., we know we created it,
+	 * and can realloc() it to grow it, and should free() it to
+	 * delete it.
+	 */
+	int yy_is_our_buffer;
+
+	/* Whether this is an "interactive" input source; if so, and
+	 * if we're using stdio for input, then we want to use getc()
+	 * instead of fread(), to make sure we stop fetching input after
+	 * each newline.
+	 */
+	int yy_is_interactive;
+
+	/* Whether we're considered to be at the beginning of a line.
+	 * If so, '^' rules will be active on the next match, otherwise
+	 * not.
+	 */
+	int yy_at_bol;
+
+    int yy_bs_lineno; /**< The line count. */
+    int yy_bs_column; /**< The column count. */
+    
+	/* Whether to try to fill the input buffer when we reach the
+	 * end of it.
+	 */
+	int yy_fill_buffer;
+
+	int yy_buffer_status;
+
+#define YY_BUFFER_NEW 0
+#define YY_BUFFER_NORMAL 1
+	/* When an EOF's been seen but there's still some text to process
+	 * then we mark the buffer as YY_EOF_PENDING, to indicate that we
+	 * shouldn't try reading from the input source any more.  We might
+	 * still have a bunch of tokens to match, though, because of
+	 * possible backing-up.
+	 *
+	 * When we actually see the EOF, we change the status to "new"
+	 * (via yyrestart()), so that the user can continue scanning by
+	 * just pointing yyin at a new input file.
+	 */
+#define YY_BUFFER_EOF_PENDING 2
+
+	};
+#endif /* !YY_STRUCT_YY_BUFFER_STATE */
+
+/* Stack of input buffers. */
+static size_t yy_buffer_stack_top = 0; /**< index of top of stack. */
+static size_t yy_buffer_stack_max = 0; /**< capacity of stack. */
+static YY_BUFFER_STATE * yy_buffer_stack = 0; /**< Stack as an array. */
+
+/* We provide macros for accessing buffer states in case in the
+ * future we want to put the buffer states in a more general
+ * "scanner state".
+ *
+ * Returns the top of the stack, or NULL.
+ */
+#define YY_CURRENT_BUFFER ( (yy_buffer_stack) \
+                          ? (yy_buffer_stack)[(yy_buffer_stack_top)] \
+                          : NULL)
+
+/* Same as previous macro, but useful when we know that the buffer stack is not
+ * NULL or when we need an lvalue. For internal use only.
+ */
+#define YY_CURRENT_BUFFER_LVALUE (yy_buffer_stack)[(yy_buffer_stack_top)]
+
+/* yy_hold_char holds the character lost when yytext is formed. */
+static char yy_hold_char;
+static yy_size_t yy_n_chars;		/* number of characters read into yy_ch_buf */
+yy_size_t yyleng;
+
+/* Points to current character in buffer. */
+static char *yy_c_buf_p = (char *) 0;
+static int yy_init = 0;		/* whether we need to initialize */
+static int yy_start = 0;	/* start state number */
+
+/* Flag which is used to allow yywrap()'s to do buffer switches
+ * instead of setting up a fresh yyin.  A bit of a hack ...
+ */
+static int yy_did_buffer_switch_on_eof;
+
+void yyrestart (FILE *input_file  );
+void yy_switch_to_buffer (YY_BUFFER_STATE new_buffer  );
+YY_BUFFER_STATE yy_create_buffer (FILE *file,int size  );
+void yy_delete_buffer (YY_BUFFER_STATE b  );
+void yy_flush_buffer (YY_BUFFER_STATE b  );
+void yypush_buffer_state (YY_BUFFER_STATE new_buffer  );
+void yypop_buffer_state (void );
+
+static void yyensure_buffer_stack (void );
+static void yy_load_buffer_state (void );
+static void yy_init_buffer (YY_BUFFER_STATE b,FILE *file  );
+
+#define YY_FLUSH_BUFFER yy_flush_buffer(YY_CURRENT_BUFFER )
+
+YY_BUFFER_STATE yy_scan_buffer (char *base,yy_size_t size  );
+YY_BUFFER_STATE yy_scan_string (yyconst char *yy_str  );
+YY_BUFFER_STATE yy_scan_bytes (yyconst char *bytes,yy_size_t len  );
+
+void *yyalloc (yy_size_t  );
+void *yyrealloc (void *,yy_size_t  );
+void yyfree (void *  );
+
+#define yy_new_buffer yy_create_buffer
+
+#define yy_set_interactive(is_interactive) \
+	{ \
+	if ( ! YY_CURRENT_BUFFER ){ \
+        yyensure_buffer_stack (); \
+		YY_CURRENT_BUFFER_LVALUE =    \
+            yy_create_buffer(yyin,YY_BUF_SIZE ); \
+	} \
+	YY_CURRENT_BUFFER_LVALUE->yy_is_interactive = is_interactive; \
+	}
+
+#define yy_set_bol(at_bol) \
+	{ \
+	if ( ! YY_CURRENT_BUFFER ){\
+        yyensure_buffer_stack (); \
+		YY_CURRENT_BUFFER_LVALUE =    \
+            yy_create_buffer(yyin,YY_BUF_SIZE ); \
+	} \
+	YY_CURRENT_BUFFER_LVALUE->yy_at_bol = at_bol; \
+	}
+
+#define YY_AT_BOL() (YY_CURRENT_BUFFER_LVALUE->yy_at_bol)
+
+/* Begin user sect3 */
+
+#define yywrap() 1
+#define YY_SKIP_YYWRAP
+
+typedef unsigned char YY_CHAR;
+
+FILE *yyin = (FILE *) 0, *yyout = (FILE *) 0;
+
+typedef int yy_state_type;
+
+extern int yylineno;
+
+int yylineno = 1;
+
+extern char *yytext;
+#define yytext_ptr yytext
+
+static yy_state_type yy_get_previous_state (void );
+static yy_state_type yy_try_NUL_trans (yy_state_type current_state  );
+static int yy_get_next_buffer (void );
+static void yy_fatal_error (yyconst char msg[]  );
+
+/* Done after the current pattern has been matched and before the
+ * corresponding action - sets up yytext.
+ */
+#define YY_DO_BEFORE_ACTION \
+	(yytext_ptr) = yy_bp; \
+	yyleng = (size_t) (yy_cp - yy_bp); \
+	(yy_hold_char) = *yy_cp; \
+	*yy_cp = '\0'; \
+	(yy_c_buf_p) = yy_cp;
+
+#define YY_NUM_RULES 9
+#define YY_END_OF_BUFFER 10
+/* This struct is not used in this scanner,
+   but its presence is necessary. */
+struct yy_trans_info
+	{
+	flex_int32_t yy_verify;
+	flex_int32_t yy_nxt;
+	};
+static yyconst flex_int16_t yy_accept[24] =
+    {   0,
+        7,    7,   10,    7,    1,    1,    8,    8,    3,    4,
+        7,    1,    0,    2,    5,    3,    7,    4,    4,    5,
+        6,    6,    0
+    } ;
+
+static yyconst flex_int32_t yy_ec[256] =
+    {   0,
+        1,    1,    1,    1,    1,    1,    1,    1,    2,    3,
+        2,    2,    2,    1,    1,    1,    1,    1,    1,    1,
+        1,    1,    1,    1,    1,    1,    1,    1,    1,    1,
+        1,    2,    1,    1,    4,    1,    1,    1,    1,    5,
+        5,    1,    1,    1,    1,    1,    1,    6,    7,    7,
+        7,    7,    7,    7,    7,    7,    7,    1,    1,    1,
+        1,    1,    1,    5,    1,    1,    1,    1,    1,    1,
+        8,    1,    1,    1,    8,    1,    8,    1,    1,    1,
+        1,    1,    1,    1,    1,    1,    1,    9,    1,    1,
+        1,    1,    1,    1,    1,    1,   10,   10,   10,   10,
+
+       10,   10,    1,    1,    1,    1,    1,    1,    1,    1,
+        1,    1,    1,    1,    1,    1,    1,    1,    1,    9,
+        1,    1,    5,    1,    5,    1,    1,    1,    1,    1,
+        1,    1,    1,    1,    1,    1,    1,    1,    1,    1,
+        1,    1,    1,    1,    1,    1,    1,    1,    1,    1,
+        1,    1,    1,    1,    1,    1,    1,    1,    1,    1,
+        1,    1,    1,    1,    1,    1,    1,    1,    1,    1,
+        1,    1,    1,    1,    1,    1,    1,    1,    1,    1,
+        1,    1,    1,    1,    1,    1,    1,    1,    1,    1,
+        1,    1,    1,    1,    1,    1,    1,    1,    1,    1,
+
+        1,    1,    1,    1,    1,    1,    1,    1,    1,    1,
+        1,    1,    1,    1,    1,    1,    1,    1,    1,    1,
+        1,    1,    1,    1,    1,    1,    1,    1,    1,    1,
+        1,    1,    1,    1,    1,    1,    1,    1,    1,    1,
+        1,    1,    1,    1,    1,    1,    1,    1,    1,    1,
+        1,    1,    1,    1,    1
+    } ;
+
+static yyconst flex_int32_t yy_meta[11] =
+    {   0,
+        1,    2,    2,    3,    3,    1,    1,    1,    1,    1
+    } ;
+
+static yyconst flex_int16_t yy_base[27] =
+    {   0,
+        0,    0,   29,    0,    0,    0,   25,   34,   10,   15,
+        0,    0,   12,   34,   16,    0,   20,    0,    0,    0,
+        6,    0,   34,   12,   10,   30
+    } ;
+
+static yyconst flex_int16_t yy_def[27] =
+    {   0,
+       23,    1,   23,   24,   25,   25,   26,   23,   23,   24,
+       24,   25,   26,   23,    9,   24,   24,   10,   24,   24,
+       17,   24,    0,   23,   23,   23
+    } ;
+
+static yyconst flex_int16_t yy_nxt[45] =
+    {   0,
+        4,    5,    6,    7,    8,    9,   10,    4,    4,    4,
+       11,   12,   11,   22,   14,   15,   15,   16,   17,   11,
+       18,   18,   19,   20,   11,   21,   21,   14,   23,   21,
+       13,   13,   13,    3,   23,   23,   23,   23,   23,   23,
+       23,   23,   23,   23
+    } ;
+
+static yyconst flex_int16_t yy_chk[45] =
+    {   0,
+        1,    1,    1,    1,    1,    1,    1,    1,    1,    1,
+        9,   25,   24,   21,   13,    9,    9,    9,    9,    9,
+       10,   10,   10,   15,   15,   17,   17,    7,    3,   17,
+       26,   26,   26,   23,   23,   23,   23,   23,   23,   23,
+       23,   23,   23,   23
+    } ;
+
+static yy_state_type yy_last_accepting_state;
+static char *yy_last_accepting_cpos;
+
+extern int yy_flex_debug;
+int yy_flex_debug = 0;
+
+/* The intent behind this definition is that it'll catch
+ * any uses of REJECT which flex missed.
+ */
+#define REJECT reject_used_but_not_detected
+#define yymore() yymore_used_but_not_detected
+#define YY_MORE_ADJ 0
+#define YY_RESTORE_YY_MORE_OFFSET
+char *yytext;
+#line 1 "fmd_scanner.l"
+/*
+ * fmd_scanner.l, scanner generator for flashmap descriptor language
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2015 Google, Inc.
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; version 2 of the License.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA, 02110-1301 USA
+ */
+#line 21 "fmd_scanner.l"
+#include "fmd_parser.h"
+
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+int parse_integer(char *input, int base);
+int copy_string(const char *input);
+#line 502 "<stdout>"
+
+#define INITIAL 0
+
+#ifndef YY_NO_UNISTD_H
+/* Special case for "unistd.h", since it is non-ANSI. We include it way
+ * down here because we want the user's section 1 to have been scanned first.
+ * The user has a chance to override it with an option.
+ */
+#include <unistd.h>
+#endif
+
+#ifndef YY_EXTRA_TYPE
+#define YY_EXTRA_TYPE void *
+#endif
+
+static int yy_init_globals (void );
+
+/* Accessor methods to globals.
+   These are made visible to non-reentrant scanners for convenience. */
+
+int yylex_destroy (void );
+
+int yyget_debug (void );
+
+void yyset_debug (int debug_flag  );
+
+YY_EXTRA_TYPE yyget_extra (void );
+
+void yyset_extra (YY_EXTRA_TYPE user_defined  );
+
+FILE *yyget_in (void );
+
+void yyset_in  (FILE * in_str  );
+
+FILE *yyget_out (void );
+
+void yyset_out  (FILE * out_str  );
+
+yy_size_t yyget_leng (void );
+
+char *yyget_text (void );
+
+int yyget_lineno (void );
+
+void yyset_lineno (int line_number  );
+
+/* Macros after this point can all be overridden by user definitions in
+ * section 1.
+ */
+
+#ifndef YY_SKIP_YYWRAP
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" int yywrap (void );
+#else
+extern int yywrap (void );
+#endif
+#endif
+
+    static void yyunput (int c,char *buf_ptr  );
+    
+#ifndef yytext_ptr
+static void yy_flex_strncpy (char *,yyconst char *,int );
+#endif
+
+#ifdef YY_NEED_STRLEN
+static int yy_flex_strlen (yyconst char * );
+#endif
+
+#ifndef YY_NO_INPUT
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+static int yyinput (void );
+#else
+static int input (void );
+#endif
+
+#endif
+
+/* Amount of stuff to slurp up with each read. */
+#ifndef YY_READ_BUF_SIZE
+#ifdef __ia64__
+/* On IA-64, the buffer size is 16k, not 8k */
+#define YY_READ_BUF_SIZE 16384
+#else
+#define YY_READ_BUF_SIZE 8192
+#endif /* __ia64__ */
+#endif
+
+/* Copy whatever the last rule matched to the standard output. */
+#ifndef ECHO
+/* This used to be an fputs(), but since the string might contain NUL's,
+ * we now use fwrite().
+ */
+#define ECHO do { if (fwrite( yytext, yyleng, 1, yyout )) {} } while (0)
+#endif
+
+/* Gets input and stuffs it into "buf".  number of characters read, or YY_NULL,
+ * is returned in "result".
+ */
+#ifndef YY_INPUT
+#define YY_INPUT(buf,result,max_size) \
+	if ( YY_CURRENT_BUFFER_LVALUE->yy_is_interactive ) \
+		{ \
+		int c = '*'; \
+		size_t n; \
+		for ( n = 0; n < max_size && \
+			     (c = getc( yyin )) != EOF && c != '\n'; ++n ) \
+			buf[n] = (char) c; \
+		if ( c == '\n' ) \
+			buf[n++] = (char) c; \
+		if ( c == EOF && ferror( yyin ) ) \
+			YY_FATAL_ERROR( "input in flex scanner failed" ); \
+		result = n; \
+		} \
+	else \
+		{ \
+		errno=0; \
+		while ( (result = fread(buf, 1, max_size, yyin))==0 && ferror(yyin)) \
+			{ \
+			if( errno != EINTR) \
+				{ \
+				YY_FATAL_ERROR( "input in flex scanner failed" ); \
+				break; \
+				} \
+			errno=0; \
+			clearerr(yyin); \
+			} \
+		}\
+\
+
+#endif
+
+/* No semi-colon after return; correct usage is to write "yyterminate();" -
+ * we don't want an extra ';' after the "return" because that will cause
+ * some compilers to complain about unreachable statements.
+ */
+#ifndef yyterminate
+#define yyterminate() return YY_NULL
+#endif
+
+/* Number of entries by which start-condition stack grows. */
+#ifndef YY_START_STACK_INCR
+#define YY_START_STACK_INCR 25
+#endif
+
+/* Report a fatal error. */
+#ifndef YY_FATAL_ERROR
+#define YY_FATAL_ERROR(msg) yy_fatal_error( msg )
+#endif
+
+/* end tables serialization structures and prototypes */
+
+/* Default declaration of generated scanner - a define so the user can
+ * easily add parameters.
+ */
+#ifndef YY_DECL
+#define YY_DECL_IS_OURS 1
+
+extern int yylex (void);
+
+#define YY_DECL int yylex (void)
+#endif /* !YY_DECL */
+
+/* Code executed at the beginning of each rule, after yytext and yyleng
+ * have been set up.
+ */
+#ifndef YY_USER_ACTION
+#define YY_USER_ACTION
+#endif
+
+/* Code executed at the end of each rule. */
+#ifndef YY_BREAK
+#define YY_BREAK break;
+#endif
+
+#define YY_RULE_SETUP \
+	YY_USER_ACTION
+
+/** The main scanner function which does all the work.
+ */
+YY_DECL
+{
+	register yy_state_type yy_current_state;
+	register char *yy_cp, *yy_bp;
+	register int yy_act;
+    
+	if ( !(yy_init) )
+		{
+		(yy_init) = 1;
+
+#ifdef YY_USER_INIT
+		YY_USER_INIT;
+#endif
+
+		if ( ! (yy_start) )
+			(yy_start) = 1;	/* first start state */
+
+		if ( ! yyin )
+			yyin = stdin;
+
+		if ( ! yyout )
+			yyout = stdout;
+
+		if ( ! YY_CURRENT_BUFFER ) {
+			yyensure_buffer_stack ();
+			YY_CURRENT_BUFFER_LVALUE =
+				yy_create_buffer(yyin,YY_BUF_SIZE );
+		}
+
+		yy_load_buffer_state( );
+		}
+
+	{
+#line 34 "fmd_scanner.l"
+
+
+#line 719 "<stdout>"
+
+	while ( 1 )		/* loops until end-of-file is reached */
+		{
+		yy_cp = (yy_c_buf_p);
+
+		/* Support of yytext. */
+		*yy_cp = (yy_hold_char);
+
+		/* yy_bp points to the position in yy_ch_buf of the start of
+		 * the current run.
+		 */
+		yy_bp = yy_cp;
+
+		yy_current_state = (yy_start);
+yy_match:
+		do
+			{
+			register YY_CHAR yy_c = yy_ec[YY_SC_TO_UI(*yy_cp)] ;
+			if ( yy_accept[yy_current_state] )
+				{
+				(yy_last_accepting_state) = yy_current_state;
+				(yy_last_accepting_cpos) = yy_cp;
+				}
+			while ( yy_chk[yy_base[yy_current_state] + yy_c] != yy_current_state )
+				{
+				yy_current_state = (int) yy_def[yy_current_state];
+				if ( yy_current_state >= 24 )
+					yy_c = yy_meta[(unsigned int) yy_c];
+				}
+			yy_current_state = yy_nxt[yy_base[yy_current_state] + (unsigned int) yy_c];
+			++yy_cp;
+			}
+		while ( yy_base[yy_current_state] != 34 );
+
+yy_find_action:
+		yy_act = yy_accept[yy_current_state];
+		if ( yy_act == 0 )
+			{ /* have to back up */
+			yy_cp = (yy_last_accepting_cpos);
+			yy_current_state = (yy_last_accepting_state);
+			yy_act = yy_accept[yy_current_state];
+			}
+
+		YY_DO_BEFORE_ACTION;
+
+do_action:	/* This label is used only to access EOF actions. */
+
+		switch ( yy_act )
+	{ /* beginning of action switch */
+			case 0: /* must back up */
+			/* undo the effects of YY_DO_BEFORE_ACTION */
+			*yy_cp = (yy_hold_char);
+			yy_cp = (yy_last_accepting_cpos);
+			yy_current_state = (yy_last_accepting_state);
+			goto yy_find_action;
+
+case 1:
+/* rule 1 can match eol */
+YY_RULE_SETUP
+#line 36 "fmd_scanner.l"
+/* Eat whitespace. */
+	YY_BREAK
+case 2:
+*yy_cp = (yy_hold_char); /* undo effects of setting up yytext */
+(yy_c_buf_p) = yy_cp -= 1;
+YY_DO_BEFORE_ACTION; /* set up yytext again */
+YY_RULE_SETUP
+#line 37 "fmd_scanner.l"
+/* Eat comments. */
+	YY_BREAK
+case 3:
+#line 39 "fmd_scanner.l"
+case 4:
+YY_RULE_SETUP
+#line 39 "fmd_scanner.l"
+return parse_integer(yytext, 10);
+	YY_BREAK
+case 5:
+YY_RULE_SETUP
+#line 40 "fmd_scanner.l"
+return OCTAL;
+	YY_BREAK
+case 6:
+YY_RULE_SETUP
+#line 41 "fmd_scanner.l"
+return parse_integer(yytext + 2, 16);
+	YY_BREAK
+case 7:
+YY_RULE_SETUP
+#line 42 "fmd_scanner.l"
+return copy_string(yytext);
+	YY_BREAK
+case 8:
+YY_RULE_SETUP
+#line 43 "fmd_scanner.l"
+return *yytext;
+	YY_BREAK
+case 9:
+YY_RULE_SETUP
+#line 45 "fmd_scanner.l"
+ECHO;
+	YY_BREAK
+#line 822 "<stdout>"
+case YY_STATE_EOF(INITIAL):
+	yyterminate();
+
+	case YY_END_OF_BUFFER:
+		{
+		/* Amount of text matched not including the EOB char. */
+		int yy_amount_of_matched_text = (int) (yy_cp - (yytext_ptr)) - 1;
+
+		/* Undo the effects of YY_DO_BEFORE_ACTION. */
+		*yy_cp = (yy_hold_char);
+		YY_RESTORE_YY_MORE_OFFSET
+
+		if ( YY_CURRENT_BUFFER_LVALUE->yy_buffer_status == YY_BUFFER_NEW )
+			{
+			/* We're scanning a new file or input source.  It's
+			 * possible that this happened because the user
+			 * just pointed yyin at a new source and called
+			 * yylex().  If so, then we have to assure
+			 * consistency between YY_CURRENT_BUFFER and our
+			 * globals.  Here is the right place to do so, because
+			 * this is the first action (other than possibly a
+			 * back-up) that will match for the new input source.
+			 */
+			(yy_n_chars) = YY_CURRENT_BUFFER_LVALUE->yy_n_chars;
+			YY_CURRENT_BUFFER_LVALUE->yy_input_file = yyin;
+			YY_CURRENT_BUFFER_LVALUE->yy_buffer_status = YY_BUFFER_NORMAL;
+			}
+
+		/* Note that here we test for yy_c_buf_p "<=" to the position
+		 * of the first EOB in the buffer, since yy_c_buf_p will
+		 * already have been incremented past the NUL character
+		 * (since all states make transitions on EOB to the
+		 * end-of-buffer state).  Contrast this with the test
+		 * in input().
+		 */
+		if ( (yy_c_buf_p) <= &YY_CURRENT_BUFFER_LVALUE->yy_ch_buf[(yy_n_chars)] )
+			{ /* This was really a NUL. */
+			yy_state_type yy_next_state;
+
+			(yy_c_buf_p) = (yytext_ptr) + yy_amount_of_matched_text;
+
+			yy_current_state = yy_get_previous_state(  );
+
+			/* Okay, we're now positioned to make the NUL
+			 * transition.  We couldn't have
+			 * yy_get_previous_state() go ahead and do it
+			 * for us because it doesn't know how to deal
+			 * with the possibility of jamming (and we don't
+			 * want to build jamming into it because then it
+			 * will run more slowly).
+			 */
+
+			yy_next_state = yy_try_NUL_trans( yy_current_state );
+
+			yy_bp = (yytext_ptr) + YY_MORE_ADJ;
+
+			if ( yy_next_state )
+				{
+				/* Consume the NUL. */
+				yy_cp = ++(yy_c_buf_p);
+				yy_current_state = yy_next_state;
+				goto yy_match;
+				}
+
+			else
+				{
+				yy_cp = (yy_c_buf_p);
+				goto yy_find_action;
+				}
+			}
+
+		else switch ( yy_get_next_buffer(  ) )
+			{
+			case EOB_ACT_END_OF_FILE:
+				{
+				(yy_did_buffer_switch_on_eof) = 0;
+
+				if ( yywrap( ) )
+					{
+					/* Note: because we've taken care in
+					 * yy_get_next_buffer() to have set up
+					 * yytext, we can now set up
+					 * yy_c_buf_p so that if some total
+					 * hoser (like flex itself) wants to
+					 * call the scanner after we return the
+					 * YY_NULL, it'll still work - another
+					 * YY_NULL will get returned.
+					 */
+					(yy_c_buf_p) = (yytext_ptr) + YY_MORE_ADJ;
+
+					yy_act = YY_STATE_EOF(YY_START);
+					goto do_action;
+					}
+
+				else
+					{
+					if ( ! (yy_did_buffer_switch_on_eof) )
+						YY_NEW_FILE;
+					}
+				break;
+				}
+
+			case EOB_ACT_CONTINUE_SCAN:
+				(yy_c_buf_p) =
+					(yytext_ptr) + yy_amount_of_matched_text;
+
+				yy_current_state = yy_get_previous_state(  );
+
+				yy_cp = (yy_c_buf_p);
+				yy_bp = (yytext_ptr) + YY_MORE_ADJ;
+				goto yy_match;
+
+			case EOB_ACT_LAST_MATCH:
+				(yy_c_buf_p) =
+				&YY_CURRENT_BUFFER_LVALUE->yy_ch_buf[(yy_n_chars)];
+
+				yy_current_state = yy_get_previous_state(  );
+
+				yy_cp = (yy_c_buf_p);
+				yy_bp = (yytext_ptr) + YY_MORE_ADJ;
+				goto yy_find_action;
+			}
+		break;
+		}
+
+	default:
+		YY_FATAL_ERROR(
+			"fatal flex scanner internal error--no action found" );
+	} /* end of action switch */
+		} /* end of scanning one token */
+	} /* end of user's declarations */
+} /* end of yylex */
+
+/* yy_get_next_buffer - try to read in a new buffer
+ *
+ * Returns a code representing an action:
+ *	EOB_ACT_LAST_MATCH -
+ *	EOB_ACT_CONTINUE_SCAN - continue scanning from current position
+ *	EOB_ACT_END_OF_FILE - end of file
+ */
+static int yy_get_next_buffer (void)
+{
+    	register char *dest = YY_CURRENT_BUFFER_LVALUE->yy_ch_buf;
+	register char *source = (yytext_ptr);
+	register int number_to_move, i;
+	int ret_val;
+
+	if ( (yy_c_buf_p) > &YY_CURRENT_BUFFER_LVALUE->yy_ch_buf[(yy_n_chars) + 1] )
+		YY_FATAL_ERROR(
+		"fatal flex scanner internal error--end of buffer missed" );
+
+	if ( YY_CURRENT_BUFFER_LVALUE->yy_fill_buffer == 0 )
+		{ /* Don't try to fill the buffer, so this is an EOF. */
+		if ( (yy_c_buf_p) - (yytext_ptr) - YY_MORE_ADJ == 1 )
+			{
+			/* We matched a single character, the EOB, so
+			 * treat this as a final EOF.
+			 */
+			return EOB_ACT_END_OF_FILE;
+			}
+
+		else
+			{
+			/* We matched some text prior to the EOB, first
+			 * process it.
+			 */
+			return EOB_ACT_LAST_MATCH;
+			}
+		}
+
+	/* Try to read more data. */
+
+	/* First move last chars to start of buffer. */
+	number_to_move = (int) ((yy_c_buf_p) - (yytext_ptr)) - 1;
+
+	for ( i = 0; i < number_to_move; ++i )
+		*(dest++) = *(source++);
+
+	if ( YY_CURRENT_BUFFER_LVALUE->yy_buffer_status == YY_BUFFER_EOF_PENDING )
+		/* don't do the read, it's not guaranteed to return an EOF,
+		 * just force an EOF
+		 */
+		YY_CURRENT_BUFFER_LVALUE->yy_n_chars = (yy_n_chars) = 0;
+
+	else
+		{
+			yy_size_t num_to_read =
+			YY_CURRENT_BUFFER_LVALUE->yy_buf_size - number_to_move - 1;
+
+		while ( num_to_read <= 0 )
+			{ /* Not enough room in the buffer - grow it. */
+
+			/* just a shorter name for the current buffer */
+			YY_BUFFER_STATE b = YY_CURRENT_BUFFER_LVALUE;
+
+			int yy_c_buf_p_offset =
+				(int) ((yy_c_buf_p) - b->yy_ch_buf);
+
+			if ( b->yy_is_our_buffer )
+				{
+				yy_size_t new_size = b->yy_buf_size * 2;
+
+				if ( new_size <= 0 )
+					b->yy_buf_size += b->yy_buf_size / 8;
+				else
+					b->yy_buf_size *= 2;
+
+				b->yy_ch_buf = (char *)
+					/* Include room in for 2 EOB chars. */
+					yyrealloc((void *) b->yy_ch_buf,b->yy_buf_size + 2  );
+				}
+			else
+				/* Can't grow it, we don't own it. */
+				b->yy_ch_buf = 0;
+
+			if ( ! b->yy_ch_buf )
+				YY_FATAL_ERROR(
+				"fatal error - scanner input buffer overflow" );
+
+			(yy_c_buf_p) = &b->yy_ch_buf[yy_c_buf_p_offset];
+
+			num_to_read = YY_CURRENT_BUFFER_LVALUE->yy_buf_size -
+						number_to_move - 1;
+
+			}
+
+		if ( num_to_read > YY_READ_BUF_SIZE )
+			num_to_read = YY_READ_BUF_SIZE;
+
+		/* Read in more data. */
+		YY_INPUT( (&YY_CURRENT_BUFFER_LVALUE->yy_ch_buf[number_to_move]),
+			(yy_n_chars), num_to_read );
+
+		YY_CURRENT_BUFFER_LVALUE->yy_n_chars = (yy_n_chars);
+		}
+
+	if ( (yy_n_chars) == 0 )
+		{
+		if ( number_to_move == YY_MORE_ADJ )
+			{
+			ret_val = EOB_ACT_END_OF_FILE;
+			yyrestart(yyin  );
+			}
+
+		else
+			{
+			ret_val = EOB_ACT_LAST_MATCH;
+			YY_CURRENT_BUFFER_LVALUE->yy_buffer_status =
+				YY_BUFFER_EOF_PENDING;
+			}
+		}
+
+	else
+		ret_val = EOB_ACT_CONTINUE_SCAN;
+
+	if ((yy_size_t) ((yy_n_chars) + number_to_move) > YY_CURRENT_BUFFER_LVALUE->yy_buf_size) {
+		/* Extend the array by 50%, plus the number we really need. */
+		yy_size_t new_size = (yy_n_chars) + number_to_move + ((yy_n_chars) >> 1);
+		YY_CURRENT_BUFFER_LVALUE->yy_ch_buf = (char *) yyrealloc((void *) YY_CURRENT_BUFFER_LVALUE->yy_ch_buf,new_size  );
+		if ( ! YY_CURRENT_BUFFER_LVALUE->yy_ch_buf )
+			YY_FATAL_ERROR( "out of dynamic memory in yy_get_next_buffer()" );
+	}
+
+	(yy_n_chars) += number_to_move;
+	YY_CURRENT_BUFFER_LVALUE->yy_ch_buf[(yy_n_chars)] = YY_END_OF_BUFFER_CHAR;
+	YY_CURRENT_BUFFER_LVALUE->yy_ch_buf[(yy_n_chars) + 1] = YY_END_OF_BUFFER_CHAR;
+
+	(yytext_ptr) = &YY_CURRENT_BUFFER_LVALUE->yy_ch_buf[0];
+
+	return ret_val;
+}
+
+/* yy_get_previous_state - get the state just before the EOB char was reached */
+
+    static yy_state_type yy_get_previous_state (void)
+{
+	register yy_state_type yy_current_state;
+	register char *yy_cp;
+    
+	yy_current_state = (yy_start);
+
+	for ( yy_cp = (yytext_ptr) + YY_MORE_ADJ; yy_cp < (yy_c_buf_p); ++yy_cp )
+		{
+		register YY_CHAR yy_c = (*yy_cp ? yy_ec[YY_SC_TO_UI(*yy_cp)] : 1);
+		if ( yy_accept[yy_current_state] )
+			{
+			(yy_last_accepting_state) = yy_current_state;
+			(yy_last_accepting_cpos) = yy_cp;
+			}
+		while ( yy_chk[yy_base[yy_current_state] + yy_c] != yy_current_state )
+			{
+			yy_current_state = (int) yy_def[yy_current_state];
+			if ( yy_current_state >= 24 )
+				yy_c = yy_meta[(unsigned int) yy_c];
+			}
+		yy_current_state = yy_nxt[yy_base[yy_current_state] + (unsigned int) yy_c];
+		}
+
+	return yy_current_state;
+}
+
+/* yy_try_NUL_trans - try to make a transition on the NUL character
+ *
+ * synopsis
+ *	next_state = yy_try_NUL_trans( current_state );
+ */
+    static yy_state_type yy_try_NUL_trans  (yy_state_type yy_current_state )
+{
+	register int yy_is_jam;
+    	register char *yy_cp = (yy_c_buf_p);
+
+	register YY_CHAR yy_c = 1;
+	if ( yy_accept[yy_current_state] )
+		{
+		(yy_last_accepting_state) = yy_current_state;
+		(yy_last_accepting_cpos) = yy_cp;
+		}
+	while ( yy_chk[yy_base[yy_current_state] + yy_c] != yy_current_state )
+		{
+		yy_current_state = (int) yy_def[yy_current_state];
+		if ( yy_current_state >= 24 )
+			yy_c = yy_meta[(unsigned int) yy_c];
+		}
+	yy_current_state = yy_nxt[yy_base[yy_current_state] + (unsigned int) yy_c];
+	yy_is_jam = (yy_current_state == 23);
+
+		return yy_is_jam ? 0 : yy_current_state;
+}
+
+    static void yyunput (int c, register char * yy_bp )
+{
+	register char *yy_cp;
+    
+    yy_cp = (yy_c_buf_p);
+
+	/* undo effects of setting up yytext */
+	*yy_cp = (yy_hold_char);
+
+	if ( yy_cp < YY_CURRENT_BUFFER_LVALUE->yy_ch_buf + 2 )
+		{ /* need to shift things up to make room */
+		/* +2 for EOB chars. */
+		register yy_size_t number_to_move = (yy_n_chars) + 2;
+		register char *dest = &YY_CURRENT_BUFFER_LVALUE->yy_ch_buf[
+					YY_CURRENT_BUFFER_LVALUE->yy_buf_size + 2];
+		register char *source =
+				&YY_CURRENT_BUFFER_LVALUE->yy_ch_buf[number_to_move];
+
+		while ( source > YY_CURRENT_BUFFER_LVALUE->yy_ch_buf )
+			*--dest = *--source;
+
+		yy_cp += (int) (dest - source);
+		yy_bp += (int) (dest - source);
+		YY_CURRENT_BUFFER_LVALUE->yy_n_chars =
+			(yy_n_chars) = YY_CURRENT_BUFFER_LVALUE->yy_buf_size;
+
+		if ( yy_cp < YY_CURRENT_BUFFER_LVALUE->yy_ch_buf + 2 )
+			YY_FATAL_ERROR( "flex scanner push-back overflow" );
+		}
+
+	*--yy_cp = (char) c;
+
+	(yytext_ptr) = yy_bp;
+	(yy_hold_char) = *yy_cp;
+	(yy_c_buf_p) = yy_cp;
+}
+
+#ifndef YY_NO_INPUT
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+    static int yyinput (void)
+#else
+    static int input  (void)
+#endif
+
+{
+	int c;
+    
+	*(yy_c_buf_p) = (yy_hold_char);
+
+	if ( *(yy_c_buf_p) == YY_END_OF_BUFFER_CHAR )
+		{
+		/* yy_c_buf_p now points to the character we want to return.
+		 * If this occurs *before* the EOB characters, then it's a
+		 * valid NUL; if not, then we've hit the end of the buffer.
+		 */
+		if ( (yy_c_buf_p) < &YY_CURRENT_BUFFER_LVALUE->yy_ch_buf[(yy_n_chars)] )
+			/* This was really a NUL. */
+			*(yy_c_buf_p) = '\0';
+
+		else
+			{ /* need more input */
+			yy_size_t offset = (yy_c_buf_p) - (yytext_ptr);
+			++(yy_c_buf_p);
+
+			switch ( yy_get_next_buffer(  ) )
+				{
+				case EOB_ACT_LAST_MATCH:
+					/* This happens because yy_g_n_b()
+					 * sees that we've accumulated a
+					 * token and flags that we need to
+					 * try matching the token before
+					 * proceeding.  But for input(),
+					 * there's no matching to consider.
+					 * So convert the EOB_ACT_LAST_MATCH
+					 * to EOB_ACT_END_OF_FILE.
+					 */
+
+					/* Reset buffer status. */
+					yyrestart(yyin );
+
+					/*FALLTHROUGH*/
+
+				case EOB_ACT_END_OF_FILE:
+					{
+					if ( yywrap( ) )
+						return EOF;
+
+					if ( ! (yy_did_buffer_switch_on_eof) )
+						YY_NEW_FILE;
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+					return yyinput();
+#else
+					return input();
+#endif
+					}
+
+				case EOB_ACT_CONTINUE_SCAN:
+					(yy_c_buf_p) = (yytext_ptr) + offset;
+					break;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+	c = *(unsigned char *) (yy_c_buf_p);	/* cast for 8-bit char's */
+	*(yy_c_buf_p) = '\0';	/* preserve yytext */
+	(yy_hold_char) = *++(yy_c_buf_p);
+
+	return c;
+}
+#endif	/* ifndef YY_NO_INPUT */
+
+/** Immediately switch to a different input stream.
+ * @param input_file A readable stream.
+ * 
+ * @note This function does not reset the start condition to @c INITIAL .
+ */
+    void yyrestart  (FILE * input_file )
+{
+    
+	if ( ! YY_CURRENT_BUFFER ){
+        yyensure_buffer_stack ();
+		YY_CURRENT_BUFFER_LVALUE =
+            yy_create_buffer(yyin,YY_BUF_SIZE );
+	}
+
+	yy_init_buffer(YY_CURRENT_BUFFER,input_file );
+	yy_load_buffer_state( );
+}
+
+/** Switch to a different input buffer.
+ * @param new_buffer The new input buffer.
+ * 
+ */
+    void yy_switch_to_buffer  (YY_BUFFER_STATE  new_buffer )
+{
+    
+	/* TODO. We should be able to replace this entire function body
+	 * with
+	 *		yypop_buffer_state();
+	 *		yypush_buffer_state(new_buffer);
+     */
+	yyensure_buffer_stack ();
+	if ( YY_CURRENT_BUFFER == new_buffer )
+		return;
+
+	if ( YY_CURRENT_BUFFER )
+		{
+		/* Flush out information for old buffer. */
+		*(yy_c_buf_p) = (yy_hold_char);
+		YY_CURRENT_BUFFER_LVALUE->yy_buf_pos = (yy_c_buf_p);
+		YY_CURRENT_BUFFER_LVALUE->yy_n_chars = (yy_n_chars);
+		}
+
+	YY_CURRENT_BUFFER_LVALUE = new_buffer;
+	yy_load_buffer_state( );
+
+	/* We don't actually know whether we did this switch during
+	 * EOF (yywrap()) processing, but the only time this flag
+	 * is looked at is after yywrap() is called, so it's safe
+	 * to go ahead and always set it.
+	 */
+	(yy_did_buffer_switch_on_eof) = 1;
+}
+
+static void yy_load_buffer_state  (void)
+{
+    	(yy_n_chars) = YY_CURRENT_BUFFER_LVALUE->yy_n_chars;
+	(yytext_ptr) = (yy_c_buf_p) = YY_CURRENT_BUFFER_LVALUE->yy_buf_pos;
+	yyin = YY_CURRENT_BUFFER_LVALUE->yy_input_file;
+	(yy_hold_char) = *(yy_c_buf_p);
+}
+
+/** Allocate and initialize an input buffer state.
+ * @param file A readable stream.
+ * @param size The character buffer size in bytes. When in doubt, use @c YY_BUF_SIZE.
+ * 
+ * @return the allocated buffer state.
+ */
+    YY_BUFFER_STATE yy_create_buffer  (FILE * file, int  size )
+{
+	YY_BUFFER_STATE b;
+    
+	b = (YY_BUFFER_STATE) yyalloc(sizeof( struct yy_buffer_state )  );
+	if ( ! b )
+		YY_FATAL_ERROR( "out of dynamic memory in yy_create_buffer()" );
+
+	b->yy_buf_size = size;
+
+	/* yy_ch_buf has to be 2 characters longer than the size given because
+	 * we need to put in 2 end-of-buffer characters.
+	 */
+	b->yy_ch_buf = (char *) yyalloc(b->yy_buf_size + 2  );
+	if ( ! b->yy_ch_buf )
+		YY_FATAL_ERROR( "out of dynamic memory in yy_create_buffer()" );
+
+	b->yy_is_our_buffer = 1;
+
+	yy_init_buffer(b,file );
+
+	return b;
+}
+
+/** Destroy the buffer.
+ * @param b a buffer created with yy_create_buffer()
+ * 
+ */
+    void yy_delete_buffer (YY_BUFFER_STATE  b )
+{
+    
+	if ( ! b )
+		return;
+
+	if ( b == YY_CURRENT_BUFFER ) /* Not sure if we should pop here. */
+		YY_CURRENT_BUFFER_LVALUE = (YY_BUFFER_STATE) 0;
+
+	if ( b->yy_is_our_buffer )
+		yyfree((void *) b->yy_ch_buf  );
+
+	yyfree((void *) b  );
+}
+
+/* Initializes or reinitializes a buffer.
+ * This function is sometimes called more than once on the same buffer,
+ * such as during a yyrestart() or at EOF.
+ */
+    static void yy_init_buffer  (YY_BUFFER_STATE  b, FILE * file )
+
+{
+	int oerrno = errno;
+    
+	yy_flush_buffer(b );
+
+	b->yy_input_file = file;
+	b->yy_fill_buffer = 1;
+
+    /* If b is the current buffer, then yy_init_buffer was _probably_
+     * called from yyrestart() or through yy_get_next_buffer.
+     * In that case, we don't want to reset the lineno or column.
+     */
+    if (b != YY_CURRENT_BUFFER){
+        b->yy_bs_lineno = 1;
+        b->yy_bs_column = 0;
+    }
+
+        b->yy_is_interactive = file ? (isatty( fileno(file) ) > 0) : 0;
+    
+	errno = oerrno;
+}
+
+/** Discard all buffered characters. On the next scan, YY_INPUT will be called.
+ * @param b the buffer state to be flushed, usually @c YY_CURRENT_BUFFER.
+ * 
+ */
+    void yy_flush_buffer (YY_BUFFER_STATE  b )
+{
+    	if ( ! b )
+		return;
+
+	b->yy_n_chars = 0;
+
+	/* We always need two end-of-buffer characters.  The first causes
+	 * a transition to the end-of-buffer state.  The second causes
+	 * a jam in that state.
+	 */
+	b->yy_ch_buf[0] = YY_END_OF_BUFFER_CHAR;
+	b->yy_ch_buf[1] = YY_END_OF_BUFFER_CHAR;
+
+	b->yy_buf_pos = &b->yy_ch_buf[0];
+
+	b->yy_at_bol = 1;
+	b->yy_buffer_status = YY_BUFFER_NEW;
+
+	if ( b == YY_CURRENT_BUFFER )
+		yy_load_buffer_state( );
+}
+
+/** Pushes the new state onto the stack. The new state becomes
+ *  the current state. This function will allocate the stack
+ *  if necessary.
+ *  @param new_buffer The new state.
+ *  
+ */
+void yypush_buffer_state (YY_BUFFER_STATE new_buffer )
+{
+    	if (new_buffer == NULL)
+		return;
+
+	yyensure_buffer_stack();
+
+	/* This block is copied from yy_switch_to_buffer. */
+	if ( YY_CURRENT_BUFFER )
+		{
+		/* Flush out information for old buffer. */
+		*(yy_c_buf_p) = (yy_hold_char);
+		YY_CURRENT_BUFFER_LVALUE->yy_buf_pos = (yy_c_buf_p);
+		YY_CURRENT_BUFFER_LVALUE->yy_n_chars = (yy_n_chars);
+		}
+
+	/* Only push if top exists. Otherwise, replace top. */
+	if (YY_CURRENT_BUFFER)
+		(yy_buffer_stack_top)++;
+	YY_CURRENT_BUFFER_LVALUE = new_buffer;
+
+	/* copied from yy_switch_to_buffer. */
+	yy_load_buffer_state( );
+	(yy_did_buffer_switch_on_eof) = 1;
+}
+
+/** Removes and deletes the top of the stack, if present.
+ *  The next element becomes the new top.
+ *  
+ */
+void yypop_buffer_state (void)
+{
+    	if (!YY_CURRENT_BUFFER)
+		return;
+
+	yy_delete_buffer(YY_CURRENT_BUFFER );
+	YY_CURRENT_BUFFER_LVALUE = NULL;
+	if ((yy_buffer_stack_top) > 0)
+		--(yy_buffer_stack_top);
+
+	if (YY_CURRENT_BUFFER) {
+		yy_load_buffer_state( );
+		(yy_did_buffer_switch_on_eof) = 1;
+	}
+}
+
+/* Allocates the stack if it does not exist.
+ *  Guarantees space for at least one push.
+ */
+static void yyensure_buffer_stack (void)
+{
+	yy_size_t num_to_alloc;
+    
+	if (!(yy_buffer_stack)) {
+
+		/* First allocation is just for 2 elements, since we don't know if this
+		 * scanner will even need a stack. We use 2 instead of 1 to avoid an
+		 * immediate realloc on the next call.
+         */
+		num_to_alloc = 1;
+		(yy_buffer_stack) = (struct yy_buffer_state**)yyalloc
+								(num_to_alloc * sizeof(struct yy_buffer_state*)
+								);
+		if ( ! (yy_buffer_stack) )
+			YY_FATAL_ERROR( "out of dynamic memory in yyensure_buffer_stack()" );
+								  
+		memset((yy_buffer_stack), 0, num_to_alloc * sizeof(struct yy_buffer_state*));
+				
+		(yy_buffer_stack_max) = num_to_alloc;
+		(yy_buffer_stack_top) = 0;
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if ((yy_buffer_stack_top) >= ((yy_buffer_stack_max)) - 1){
+
+		/* Increase the buffer to prepare for a possible push. */
+		int grow_size = 8 /* arbitrary grow size */;
+
+		num_to_alloc = (yy_buffer_stack_max) + grow_size;
+		(yy_buffer_stack) = (struct yy_buffer_state**)yyrealloc
+								((yy_buffer_stack),
+								num_to_alloc * sizeof(struct yy_buffer_state*)
+								);
+		if ( ! (yy_buffer_stack) )
+			YY_FATAL_ERROR( "out of dynamic memory in yyensure_buffer_stack()" );
+
+		/* zero only the new slots.*/
+		memset((yy_buffer_stack) + (yy_buffer_stack_max), 0, grow_size * sizeof(struct yy_buffer_state*));
+		(yy_buffer_stack_max) = num_to_alloc;
+	}
+}
+
+/** Setup the input buffer state to scan directly from a user-specified character buffer.
+ * @param base the character buffer
+ * @param size the size in bytes of the character buffer
+ * 
+ * @return the newly allocated buffer state object. 
+ */
+YY_BUFFER_STATE yy_scan_buffer  (char * base, yy_size_t  size )
+{
+	YY_BUFFER_STATE b;
+    
+	if ( size < 2 ||
+	     base[size-2] != YY_END_OF_BUFFER_CHAR ||
+	     base[size-1] != YY_END_OF_BUFFER_CHAR )
+		/* They forgot to leave room for the EOB's. */
+		return 0;
+
+	b = (YY_BUFFER_STATE) yyalloc(sizeof( struct yy_buffer_state )  );
+	if ( ! b )
+		YY_FATAL_ERROR( "out of dynamic memory in yy_scan_buffer()" );
+
+	b->yy_buf_size = size - 2;	/* "- 2" to take care of EOB's */
+	b->yy_buf_pos = b->yy_ch_buf = base;
+	b->yy_is_our_buffer = 0;
+	b->yy_input_file = 0;
+	b->yy_n_chars = b->yy_buf_size;
+	b->yy_is_interactive = 0;
+	b->yy_at_bol = 1;
+	b->yy_fill_buffer = 0;
+	b->yy_buffer_status = YY_BUFFER_NEW;
+
+	yy_switch_to_buffer(b  );
+
+	return b;
+}
+
+/** Setup the input buffer state to scan a string. The next call to yylex() will
+ * scan from a @e copy of @a str.
+ * @param yystr a NUL-terminated string to scan
+ * 
+ * @return the newly allocated buffer state object.
+ * @note If you want to scan bytes that may contain NUL values, then use
+ *       yy_scan_bytes() instead.
+ */
+YY_BUFFER_STATE yy_scan_string (yyconst char * yystr )
+{
+    
+	return yy_scan_bytes(yystr,strlen(yystr) );
+}
+
+/** Setup the input buffer state to scan the given bytes. The next call to yylex() will
+ * scan from a @e copy of @a bytes.
+ * @param yybytes the byte buffer to scan
+ * @param _yybytes_len the number of bytes in the buffer pointed to by @a bytes.
+ * 
+ * @return the newly allocated buffer state object.
+ */
+YY_BUFFER_STATE yy_scan_bytes  (yyconst char * yybytes, yy_size_t  _yybytes_len )
+{
+	YY_BUFFER_STATE b;
+	char *buf;
+	yy_size_t n;
+	yy_size_t i;
+    
+	/* Get memory for full buffer, including space for trailing EOB's. */
+	n = _yybytes_len + 2;
+	buf = (char *) yyalloc(n  );
+	if ( ! buf )
+		YY_FATAL_ERROR( "out of dynamic memory in yy_scan_bytes()" );
+
+	for ( i = 0; i < _yybytes_len; ++i )
+		buf[i] = yybytes[i];
+
+	buf[_yybytes_len] = buf[_yybytes_len+1] = YY_END_OF_BUFFER_CHAR;
+
+	b = yy_scan_buffer(buf,n );
+	if ( ! b )
+		YY_FATAL_ERROR( "bad buffer in yy_scan_bytes()" );
+
+	/* It's okay to grow etc. this buffer, and we should throw it
+	 * away when we're done.
+	 */
+	b->yy_is_our_buffer = 1;
+
+	return b;
+}
+
+#ifndef YY_EXIT_FAILURE
+#define YY_EXIT_FAILURE 2
+#endif
+
+static void yy_fatal_error (yyconst char* msg )
+{
+    	(void) fprintf( stderr, "%s\n", msg );
+	exit( YY_EXIT_FAILURE );
+}
+
+/* Redefine yyless() so it works in section 3 code. */
+
+#undef yyless
+#define yyless(n) \
+	do \
+		{ \
+		/* Undo effects of setting up yytext. */ \
+        int yyless_macro_arg = (n); \
+        YY_LESS_LINENO(yyless_macro_arg);\
+		yytext[yyleng] = (yy_hold_char); \
+		(yy_c_buf_p) = yytext + yyless_macro_arg; \
+		(yy_hold_char) = *(yy_c_buf_p); \
+		*(yy_c_buf_p) = '\0'; \
+		yyleng = yyless_macro_arg; \
+		} \
+	while ( 0 )
+
+/* Accessor  methods (get/set functions) to struct members. */
+
+/** Get the current line number.
+ * 
+ */
+int yyget_lineno  (void)
+{
+        
+    return yylineno;
+}
+
+/** Get the input stream.
+ * 
+ */
+FILE *yyget_in  (void)
+{
+        return yyin;
+}
+
+/** Get the output stream.
+ * 
+ */
+FILE *yyget_out  (void)
+{
+        return yyout;
+}
+
+/** Get the length of the current token.
+ * 
+ */
+yy_size_t yyget_leng  (void)
+{
+        return yyleng;
+}
+
+/** Get the current token.
+ * 
+ */
+
+char *yyget_text  (void)
+{
+        return yytext;
+}
+
+/** Set the current line number.
+ * @param line_number
+ * 
+ */
+void yyset_lineno (int  line_number )
+{
+    
+    yylineno = line_number;
+}
+
+/** Set the input stream. This does not discard the current
+ * input buffer.
+ * @param in_str A readable stream.
+ * 
+ * @see yy_switch_to_buffer
+ */
+void yyset_in (FILE *  in_str )
+{
+        yyin = in_str ;
+}
+
+void yyset_out (FILE *  out_str )
+{
+        yyout = out_str ;
+}
+
+int yyget_debug  (void)
+{
+        return yy_flex_debug;
+}
+
+void yyset_debug (int  bdebug )
+{
+        yy_flex_debug = bdebug ;
+}
+
+static int yy_init_globals (void)
+{
+        /* Initialization is the same as for the non-reentrant scanner.
+     * This function is called from yylex_destroy(), so don't allocate here.
+     */
+
+    (yy_buffer_stack) = 0;
+    (yy_buffer_stack_top) = 0;
+    (yy_buffer_stack_max) = 0;
+    (yy_c_buf_p) = (char *) 0;
+    (yy_init) = 0;
+    (yy_start) = 0;
+
+/* Defined in main.c */
+#ifdef YY_STDINIT
+    yyin = stdin;
+    yyout = stdout;
+#else
+    yyin = (FILE *) 0;
+    yyout = (FILE *) 0;
+#endif
+
+    /* For future reference: Set errno on error, since we are called by
+     * yylex_init()
+     */
+    return 0;
+}
+
+/* yylex_destroy is for both reentrant and non-reentrant scanners. */
+int yylex_destroy  (void)
+{
+    
+    /* Pop the buffer stack, destroying each element. */
+	while(YY_CURRENT_BUFFER){
+		yy_delete_buffer(YY_CURRENT_BUFFER  );
+		YY_CURRENT_BUFFER_LVALUE = NULL;
+		yypop_buffer_state();
+	}
+
+	/* Destroy the stack itself. */
+	yyfree((yy_buffer_stack) );
+	(yy_buffer_stack) = NULL;
+
+    /* Reset the globals. This is important in a non-reentrant scanner so the next time
+     * yylex() is called, initialization will occur. */
+    yy_init_globals( );
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Internal utility routines.
+ */
+
+#ifndef yytext_ptr
+static void yy_flex_strncpy (char* s1, yyconst char * s2, int n )
+{
+	register int i;
+	for ( i = 0; i < n; ++i )
+		s1[i] = s2[i];
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef YY_NEED_STRLEN
+static int yy_flex_strlen (yyconst char * s )
+{
+	register int n;
+	for ( n = 0; s[n]; ++n )
+		;
+
+	return n;
+}
+#endif
+
+void *yyalloc (yy_size_t  size )
+{
+	return (void *) malloc( size );
+}
+
+void *yyrealloc  (void * ptr, yy_size_t  size )
+{
+	/* The cast to (char *) in the following accommodates both
+	 * implementations that use char* generic pointers, and those
+	 * that use void* generic pointers.  It works with the latter
+	 * because both ANSI C and C++ allow castless assignment from
+	 * any pointer type to void*, and deal with argument conversions
+	 * as though doing an assignment.
+	 */
+	return (void *) realloc( (char *) ptr, size );
+}
+
+void yyfree (void * ptr )
+{
+	free( (char *) ptr );	/* see yyrealloc() for (char *) cast */
+}
+
+#define YYTABLES_NAME "yytables"
+
+#line 44 "fmd_scanner.l"
+
+
+
+int parse_integer(char *input, int base)
+{
+	char *multiplier = NULL;
+	unsigned val = strtoul(input, &multiplier, base);
+
+	if (*multiplier) {
+		switch(*multiplier) {
+		case 'K':
+			val *= 1024;
+			break;
+		case 'M':
+			val *= 1024*1024;
+			break;
+		case 'G':
+			val *= 1024*1024*1024;
+			break;
+		default:
+			// If we ever get here, the MULTIPLIER regex is allowing
+			// multiplier suffixes not handled by this code.
+			assert(false);
+		}
+	}
+
+	yylval.intval = val;
+	return INTEGER;
+}
+
+int copy_string(const char *input)
+{
+	yylval.strval = strdup(input);
+	return STRING;
+}
+
diff --git a/util/cbfstool/fmd_scanner.h b/util/cbfstool/fmd_scanner.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..595b530
--- /dev/null
+++ b/util/cbfstool/fmd_scanner.h
@@ -0,0 +1,333 @@
+#ifndef yyHEADER_H
+#define yyHEADER_H 1
+#define yyIN_HEADER 1
+
+#line 6 "fmd_scanner.h"
+
+#define  YY_INT_ALIGNED short int
+
+/* A lexical scanner generated by flex */
+
+#define FLEX_SCANNER
+#define YY_FLEX_MAJOR_VERSION 2
+#define YY_FLEX_MINOR_VERSION 5
+#define YY_FLEX_SUBMINOR_VERSION 39
+#if YY_FLEX_SUBMINOR_VERSION > 0
+#define FLEX_BETA
+#endif
+
+/* First, we deal with  platform-specific or compiler-specific issues. */
+
+/* begin standard C headers. */
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+/* end standard C headers. */
+
+/* flex integer type definitions */
+
+#ifndef FLEXINT_H
+#define FLEXINT_H
+
+/* C99 systems have <inttypes.h>. Non-C99 systems may or may not. */
+
+#if defined (__STDC_VERSION__) && __STDC_VERSION__ >= 199901L
+
+/* C99 says to define __STDC_LIMIT_MACROS before including stdint.h,
+ * if you want the limit (max/min) macros for int types. 
+ */
+#ifndef __STDC_LIMIT_MACROS
+#define __STDC_LIMIT_MACROS 1
+#endif
+
+#include <inttypes.h>
+typedef int8_t flex_int8_t;
+typedef uint8_t flex_uint8_t;
+typedef int16_t flex_int16_t;
+typedef uint16_t flex_uint16_t;
+typedef int32_t flex_int32_t;
+typedef uint32_t flex_uint32_t;
+#else
+typedef signed char flex_int8_t;
+typedef short int flex_int16_t;
+typedef int flex_int32_t;
+typedef unsigned char flex_uint8_t; 
+typedef unsigned short int flex_uint16_t;
+typedef unsigned int flex_uint32_t;
+
+/* Limits of integral types. */
+#ifndef INT8_MIN
+#define INT8_MIN               (-128)
+#endif
+#ifndef INT16_MIN
+#define INT16_MIN              (-32767-1)
+#endif
+#ifndef INT32_MIN
+#define INT32_MIN              (-2147483647-1)
+#endif
+#ifndef INT8_MAX
+#define INT8_MAX               (127)
+#endif
+#ifndef INT16_MAX
+#define INT16_MAX              (32767)
+#endif
+#ifndef INT32_MAX
+#define INT32_MAX              (2147483647)
+#endif
+#ifndef UINT8_MAX
+#define UINT8_MAX              (255U)
+#endif
+#ifndef UINT16_MAX
+#define UINT16_MAX             (65535U)
+#endif
+#ifndef UINT32_MAX
+#define UINT32_MAX             (4294967295U)
+#endif
+
+#endif /* ! C99 */
+
+#endif /* ! FLEXINT_H */
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+
+/* The "const" storage-class-modifier is valid. */
+#define YY_USE_CONST
+
+#else	/* ! __cplusplus */
+
+/* C99 requires __STDC__ to be defined as 1. */
+#if defined (__STDC__)
+
+#define YY_USE_CONST
+
+#endif	/* defined (__STDC__) */
+#endif	/* ! __cplusplus */
+
+#ifdef YY_USE_CONST
+#define yyconst const
+#else
+#define yyconst
+#endif
+
+/* Size of default input buffer. */
+#ifndef YY_BUF_SIZE
+#ifdef __ia64__
+/* On IA-64, the buffer size is 16k, not 8k.
+ * Moreover, YY_BUF_SIZE is 2*YY_READ_BUF_SIZE in the general case.
+ * Ditto for the __ia64__ case accordingly.
+ */
+#define YY_BUF_SIZE 32768
+#else
+#define YY_BUF_SIZE 16384
+#endif /* __ia64__ */
+#endif
+
+#ifndef YY_TYPEDEF_YY_BUFFER_STATE
+#define YY_TYPEDEF_YY_BUFFER_STATE
+typedef struct yy_buffer_state *YY_BUFFER_STATE;
+#endif
+
+#ifndef YY_TYPEDEF_YY_SIZE_T
+#define YY_TYPEDEF_YY_SIZE_T
+typedef size_t yy_size_t;
+#endif
+
+extern yy_size_t yyleng;
+
+extern FILE *yyin, *yyout;
+
+#ifndef YY_STRUCT_YY_BUFFER_STATE
+#define YY_STRUCT_YY_BUFFER_STATE
+struct yy_buffer_state
+	{
+	FILE *yy_input_file;
+
+	char *yy_ch_buf;		/* input buffer */
+	char *yy_buf_pos;		/* current position in input buffer */
+
+	/* Size of input buffer in bytes, not including room for EOB
+	 * characters.
+	 */
+	yy_size_t yy_buf_size;
+
+	/* Number of characters read into yy_ch_buf, not including EOB
+	 * characters.
+	 */
+	yy_size_t yy_n_chars;
+
+	/* Whether we "own" the buffer - i.e., we know we created it,
+	 * and can realloc() it to grow it, and should free() it to
+	 * delete it.
+	 */
+	int yy_is_our_buffer;
+
+	/* Whether this is an "interactive" input source; if so, and
+	 * if we're using stdio for input, then we want to use getc()
+	 * instead of fread(), to make sure we stop fetching input after
+	 * each newline.
+	 */
+	int yy_is_interactive;
+
+	/* Whether we're considered to be at the beginning of a line.
+	 * If so, '^' rules will be active on the next match, otherwise
+	 * not.
+	 */
+	int yy_at_bol;
+
+    int yy_bs_lineno; /**< The line count. */
+    int yy_bs_column; /**< The column count. */
+    
+	/* Whether to try to fill the input buffer when we reach the
+	 * end of it.
+	 */
+	int yy_fill_buffer;
+
+	int yy_buffer_status;
+
+	};
+#endif /* !YY_STRUCT_YY_BUFFER_STATE */
+
+void yyrestart (FILE *input_file  );
+void yy_switch_to_buffer (YY_BUFFER_STATE new_buffer  );
+YY_BUFFER_STATE yy_create_buffer (FILE *file,int size  );
+void yy_delete_buffer (YY_BUFFER_STATE b  );
+void yy_flush_buffer (YY_BUFFER_STATE b  );
+void yypush_buffer_state (YY_BUFFER_STATE new_buffer  );
+void yypop_buffer_state (void );
+
+YY_BUFFER_STATE yy_scan_buffer (char *base,yy_size_t size  );
+YY_BUFFER_STATE yy_scan_string (yyconst char *yy_str  );
+YY_BUFFER_STATE yy_scan_bytes (yyconst char *bytes,yy_size_t len  );
+
+void *yyalloc (yy_size_t  );
+void *yyrealloc (void *,yy_size_t  );
+void yyfree (void *  );
+
+/* Begin user sect3 */
+
+#define yywrap() 1
+#define YY_SKIP_YYWRAP
+
+extern int yylineno;
+
+extern char *yytext;
+#define yytext_ptr yytext
+
+#ifdef YY_HEADER_EXPORT_START_CONDITIONS
+#define INITIAL 0
+
+#endif
+
+#ifndef YY_NO_UNISTD_H
+/* Special case for "unistd.h", since it is non-ANSI. We include it way
+ * down here because we want the user's section 1 to have been scanned first.
+ * The user has a chance to override it with an option.
+ */
+#include <unistd.h>
+#endif
+
+#ifndef YY_EXTRA_TYPE
+#define YY_EXTRA_TYPE void *
+#endif
+
+/* Accessor methods to globals.
+   These are made visible to non-reentrant scanners for convenience. */
+
+int yylex_destroy (void );
+
+int yyget_debug (void );
+
+void yyset_debug (int debug_flag  );
+
+YY_EXTRA_TYPE yyget_extra (void );
+
+void yyset_extra (YY_EXTRA_TYPE user_defined  );
+
+FILE *yyget_in (void );
+
+void yyset_in  (FILE * in_str  );
+
+FILE *yyget_out (void );
+
+void yyset_out  (FILE * out_str  );
+
+yy_size_t yyget_leng (void );
+
+char *yyget_text (void );
+
+int yyget_lineno (void );
+
+void yyset_lineno (int line_number  );
+
+/* Macros after this point can all be overridden by user definitions in
+ * section 1.
+ */
+
+#ifndef YY_SKIP_YYWRAP
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" int yywrap (void );
+#else
+extern int yywrap (void );
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#ifndef yytext_ptr
+static void yy_flex_strncpy (char *,yyconst char *,int );
+#endif
+
+#ifdef YY_NEED_STRLEN
+static int yy_flex_strlen (yyconst char * );
+#endif
+
+#ifndef YY_NO_INPUT
+
+#endif
+
+/* Amount of stuff to slurp up with each read. */
+#ifndef YY_READ_BUF_SIZE
+#ifdef __ia64__
+/* On IA-64, the buffer size is 16k, not 8k */
+#define YY_READ_BUF_SIZE 16384
+#else
+#define YY_READ_BUF_SIZE 8192
+#endif /* __ia64__ */
+#endif
+
+/* Number of entries by which start-condition stack grows. */
+#ifndef YY_START_STACK_INCR
+#define YY_START_STACK_INCR 25
+#endif
+
+/* Default declaration of generated scanner - a define so the user can
+ * easily add parameters.
+ */
+#ifndef YY_DECL
+#define YY_DECL_IS_OURS 1
+
+extern int yylex (void);
+
+#define YY_DECL int yylex (void)
+#endif /* !YY_DECL */
+
+/* yy_get_previous_state - get the state just before the EOB char was reached */
+
+#undef YY_NEW_FILE
+#undef YY_FLUSH_BUFFER
+#undef yy_set_bol
+#undef yy_new_buffer
+#undef yy_set_interactive
+#undef YY_DO_BEFORE_ACTION
+
+#ifdef YY_DECL_IS_OURS
+#undef YY_DECL_IS_OURS
+#undef YY_DECL
+#endif
+
+#line 44 "fmd_scanner.l"
+
+
+#line 332 "fmd_scanner.h"
+#undef yyIN_HEADER
+#endif /* yyHEADER_H */
diff --git a/util/cbfstool/fmd_scanner.l b/util/cbfstool/fmd_scanner.l
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d2cc43d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/util/cbfstool/fmd_scanner.l
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+/*
+ * fmd_scanner.l, scanner generator for flashmap descriptor language
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2015 Google, Inc.
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; version 2 of the License.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA, 02110-1301 USA
+ */
+
+%{
+#include "fmd_parser.h"
+
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+int parse_integer(char *input, int base);
+int copy_string(const char *input);
+%}
+
+%option noyywrap
+
+MULTIPLIER [KMG]
+
+%%
+
+[[:space:]]+                /* Eat whitespace. */
+#.*$                        /* Eat comments. */
+0{MULTIPLIER}?              |
+[1-9][0-9]*{MULTIPLIER}?    return parse_integer(yytext, 10);
+0[0-9]+{MULTIPLIER}?        return OCTAL;
+0[xX][0-9a-f]+{MULTIPLIER}? return parse_integer(yytext + 2, 16);
+[^#@{}()[:space:]]*         return copy_string(yytext);
+.                           return *yytext;
+
+%%
+
+int parse_integer(char *input, int base)
+{
+	char *multiplier = NULL;
+	unsigned val = strtoul(input, &multiplier, base);
+
+	if (*multiplier) {
+		switch(*multiplier) {
+		case 'K':
+			val *= 1024;
+			break;
+		case 'M':
+			val *= 1024*1024;
+			break;
+		case 'G':
+			val *= 1024*1024*1024;
+			break;
+		default:
+			// If we ever get here, the MULTIPLIER regex is allowing
+			// multiplier suffixes not handled by this code.
+			assert(false);
+		}
+	}
+
+	yylval.intval = val;
+	return INTEGER;
+}
+
+int copy_string(const char *input)
+{
+	yylval.strval = strdup(input);
+	return STRING;
+}
diff --git a/util/cbfstool/option.h b/util/cbfstool/option.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..70777f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/util/cbfstool/option.h
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+/*
+ * option.h, unsigned OPTION type
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2015 Google, Inc.
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; version 2 of the License.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA, 02110-1301 USA
+ */
+
+#ifndef OPTION_H_
+#define OPTION_H_
+
+struct unsigned_option {
+	bool val_known;
+	/** It is an error to read this field unless val_known is set. */
+	unsigned val;
+};
+
+#endif



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