The SD card in question is a Samsung MB-MC128GA U3 Micro SDXC 128GB EVO Plus. Trimmed log below. The function start indicators were inserted by me as part of debugging.
SeaBIOS (version rel-1.10.0-81-g0fff851-MrChromebox-2017.10.19)
/7a9fe000\ Start thread
|7a9fe000| Searching bootorder for: /pci@i0cf8/*@1e,6
|7a9fe000| sdcard_pci_setup() start
|7a9fe000| sdcard_controller_setup() start
|7a9fe000| sdhci@0xd1138000 ver=1002 cap=7568c881 807
|7a9fe000| sdcard_card_setup() start
|7a9fe000| sdcard_set_frequency 200 400 fa00
|7a9fe000| sdcard_pio cmd 0 0 1ff0000
|7a9fe000| sdcard cmd 0 response 0 0 0 0
|7a9fe000| sdcard_pio cmd 81a 1aa 1ff0000
|7a9fe000| sdcard cmd 81a response 1aa 0 0 0
|7a9fe000| sdcard_pio cmd 371a 0 1ff0000
|7a9fe000| sdcard cmd 371a response 120 0 0 0
|7a9fe000| sdcard_pio cmd 2902 0 1ff0000
|7a9fe000| sdcard cmd 2902 response ff8000 0 0 0
|7a9fe000| sdcard_pio cmd 371a 0 1ff0000
|7a9fe000| sdcard cmd 371a response 120 0 0 0
|7a9fe000| sdcard_pio cmd 2902 40100000 1ff0000
|7a9fe000| sdcard cmd 2902 response ff8000 0 0 0
|7a9fe000| sdcard_pio cmd 371a 0 1ff0000
|7a9fe000| sdcard cmd 371a response 120 0 0 0
|7a9fe000| sdcard_pio cmd 2902 40100000 1ff0000
|7a9fe000| sdcard cmd 2902 response ff8000 0 0 0
<snip ~1s of 371a/2902 sequence repeating>
|7a9fe000| WARNING - Timeout at sdcard_card_setup:432!
\7a9fe000/ End thread
All threads complete.